ArticleIntensive care medicine2023
Association between prehospital end-tidal carbon dioxide levels and mortality in patients with suspected severe traumatic brain injury.
Article in Intensive care medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of mortality and neurological outcomes with hypocapnia in adult patients with acute brain injury: an updated meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels on mortality in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Association of intraoperative end-tidal COBritish journal of anaesthesia · 2025Trial
- Prehospital Normoventilation in Critically Ill Anaesthetised Patients Cannot Be Reliably Monitored by Capnography-A Retrospective Observational Study.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
- Maintenance of prehospital anaesthesia using an intermittent bolus regime in blunt trauma patients with a high GCS and hemodynamic reserve: a retrospective cohort study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Association between arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient and prehospital hemodynamic status in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Patients with Suspected Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A BRAIN PROTECT Sub-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- [Does Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Predict an Adverse Course in Patients Admitted with Isolated Diaphyseal Femur Fractures?]Revista brasileira de ortopedia · 2025Article
- Update on acute brain injury.Intensive care medicine · 2025Article
- Does Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Predict an Adverse Course in Patients Admitted with Isolated Diaphyseal Femur Fractures?Revista brasileira de ortopedia · 2025Article
- The Importance of Normocapnia in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Prehospital Emergency Medicine.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025Article
- Beyond the Lungs: Extrapulmonary Effects of Non-Invasive and Invasive Ventilation Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Early systemic insults following severe sepsis-associated encephalopathy of critically ill patients: association with mortality and awakening-an analysis of the OUTCOMEREA database.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- Adverse Prehospital Events and Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- PaCONeurocritical care · 2024Article
- A nomogram for predicting early mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury requiring mechanical ventilation based on clinical laboratory data.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- End-tidal carbon dioxide and arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient are associated with mortality in patients with neurological injuries.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Relationship between the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and outcomes in mechanically ventilated acute brain‑injured patients.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Mild hypocapnia and outcomes in mechanically ventilated acute brain-injured patients: another piece in the puzzle.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical practice and effect of carbon dioxide on outcomes in mechanically ventilated acute brain-injured patients: a secondary analysis of the ENIO study.Intensive care medicine · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSevere traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and these patients are frequently intubated in the prehospital setting. Cerebral perfusion and intracranial pressure are influenced by the arterial partial pressure of CO
methodsThe BRAIN-PROTECT study is an observational multicenter study. Patients with severe traumatic brain injury, treated by Dutch Helicopter Emergency Medical Services between February 2012 and December 2017, were included. Follow-up continued for 1 year after inclusion. End-tidal CO
resultsA total of 1776 patients were eligible for analysis. An L-shaped association between end-tidal CO
conclusionA safe zone of 35-45 mmHg for end-tidal CO
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.