ArticleBMC public health2023
Dietary sodium to potassium ratio is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events: a longitudinal follow-up study.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Controversies of Sodium-Induced Hypertension: A Multi-Systemic Perspective.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Diet, the protective bridge connecting nutrition and cardiovascular health: A review.Food chemistry: X · 2026Review
- Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle on Salt and Potassium Intake and Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio: EH-UH 2 Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Application of a Food-Based Nutritional Profiling System to Assess Diet Quality in Diet-Level Data: Evidence on Construct and Convergent Validity from the Hatoyama Cohort Study and Kusatsu Cohort Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- The association between the sodium-potassium ratio and ICU mortality in cardiac arrest patients: an analysis of the eICU database.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Observational
- Association of serum levels and intakes of sodium and potassium with hypertension in the MASHAD cohort study population: a cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Metabolic risk factors, blood pressure and atherogenic indices of cardiovascular disease across different quartiles of dietary sodium to potassium ratio among young semi-professional athletes with overweight or obesity.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Carbohydrate Quality Is Independently Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese Individuals with Impaired Glucose Tolerance.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The association between urine-estimated salt intake and hypertension: findings of a population-based study.Clinical hypertension · 2025Article
- Effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure indices and urinary metabolites in children with overweight and obesity: an 8-week triple-blind randomized controlled trial.Clinical hypertension · 2025Article
- Association between urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, elevated blood pressure phenotypes and microalbuminuria: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Nutritional Quality and Safety Assessment of Pork Meat Cuts from Romania: Fatty Acids and Elemental Profile.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Influence of Geographical Origin on Isotopic and Elemental Compositions of Pork Meat.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe current prospective cohort study aimed to explore the potential associations between dietary sodium (Na), potassium (K), and sodium-to-potassium (Na-to-K) ratio with an incidence risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Iranian adults.
methodsThe participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (men and women aged 30-84 years, n = 2050), free of CVD at baseline (2006-2008) were included. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and incident CVD (i.e., coronary heart disease, stroke, and CVD mortality) were documented up to March 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) regarding the association between dietary Na, K, and Na-to-K ratio with CVD events.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 10.14% of participants experienced CVD outcomes. A 41% increased risk of CVD in relation to each increase in 1000 mg/d of Na intake. In the fully-adjusted model, higher Na intake (> 4143 versus < 3049 mg/d) was significantly related to the increased risk of CVD (HR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.06-3.74). Independent of the well-known risk factors, a 56% reduced risk of CVD was observed in the participants with a higher dietary K intake (HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.20-0.94). A Higher Na-to-K ratio was associated with an increased risk of CVD (HR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.13-3.52).
conclusionOur study showed that the Na-to-K ratio might independently predict future risk of CVD events in adults.
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