ReviewBMC infectious diseases2023
A clinical case report of Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised patient and literature review.
Review in BMC infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promising Drug Repurposing Candidates Targeting Free-Living Amoebae: A Systematic and Critical Review of Laboratory-Based Evidence.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- The first reported case ofFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Fulminant amebic colitis complicated by appendiceal perforation and massive abdominal hemorrhage: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Environmentally derived Balamuthia mandrillaris contains endosymbiotic bacteria.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis directly causing intracranial infection: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- The role of plasma metagenomic sequencing in identification of Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Brainstorm: A Case of Granulomatous Encephalitis.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2024Article
- Modelling amoebic brain infection caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris using a human cerebral organoid.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in fatalRadiology case reports · 2024Article
- Phenotypic assay for cytotoxicity assessment ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBalamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a peculiar parasitic infectious disease of the central nervous system, about 39% of the infected Balamuthia GAE patients were found to be immunocompromised and is extremely rare clinically. The presence of trophozoites in diseased tissue is an important basis for pathological diagnosis of GAE. Balamuthia GAE is a rare and highly fatal infection for which there is no effective treatment plan in clinical practice. CASE PRESENTATION: This paper reports clinical data from a patient with Balamuthia GAE to improve physician understanding of the disease and diagnostic accuracy of imaging and reduce misdiagnosis. A 61-year-old male poultry farmer presented with moderate swelling pain in the right frontoparietal region without obvious inducement three weeks ago. Head computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right frontal lobe. Intially clinical imaging diagnosed it as a high-grade astrocytoma. The pathological diagnosis of the lesion was inflammatory granulomatous lesions with extensive necrosis, suggesting amoeba infection. The pathogen detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is Balamuthia mandrillaris, the final pathological diagnosis was Balamuthia GAE.
conclusionWhen a head MRI shows irregular or annular enhancement, clinicians should not blindly diagnose common diseases such as brain tumors. Although Balamuthia GAE accounts for only a small proportion of intracranial infections, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.