Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37072687›Full record

Observational studyMaternal & child nutrition2023

A comparison of observed feeding practices of infants and young children aged 6-23 months to national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka.

Teresa R Schwendler, Dhammica Rowel, Safina Abdulloeva, Hiranya Jayawickrama, Chithramalee de Silva, Olivia Romano, Upul Senarath, Stephen R Kodish

Abstract readComparative StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Maternal & child nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Teresa R SchwendlerDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0822-4880
Dhammica RowelUnited Nations Children's Fund, Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Safina AbdulloevaUnited Nations Children's Fund, Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Hiranya JayawickramaFamily Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Chithramalee de SilvaFamily Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Olivia RomanoDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
Upul SenarathDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Stephen R KodishDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To describe the extent to which Sri Lankan caregivers follow current national responsive feeding recommendations and the factors limiting and enabling those behaviours. Study design. This ethnographic substudy was conducted using a four-phase, mixed methods formative research design across rural, estate and urban sectors of Sri Lanka. Data collection methods. Data were collected using direct meal observations and semistructured interviews. Participants including infants and young children aged 6-23 months (n = 72), community leaders (n = 10), caregivers (n = 58) and community members (n = 37) were purposefully sampled to participate in this study. Data analysis. Observational data were summarized using descriptive statistics while textual data were analysed thematically using Dedoose. Findings were then interpreted vis-à-vis six national responsive feeding recommendations. During observed feeding episodes, caregivers were responsive to nearly all food requests (87.2% [34/39]) made by infants and young children. Many caregivers (61.1% [44/72]) also positively encouraged their infant and young child during feeding. Despite some responsive feeding practices being observed, 36.1% (22/61) of caregivers across sectors used forceful feeding practices if their infant or young child refused to eat. Interviews data indicated that force-feeding practices were used because caregivers wanted their infants and young children to maintain adequate weight gain for fear of reprimand from Public Health Midwives. Despite overall high caregiver knowledge of national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka, direct observations revealed suboptimal responsive feeding practices, suggesting that other factors in the knowledge-behaviour gap may need to be addressed.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingFeeding BehaviorCaregiversChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFoodHumansInfantInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaSri Lankacomplementary feedingethnographic methodsundernutrition

Identifiers

PMID37072687
PMCPMC10262894

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.