ArticleNature communications2023
Distinct spatial immune microlandscapes are independently associated with outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial organization of the TNBC tumor microenvironment: multicellular niches, T-cell bottlenecks, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptome revealed associated biomarkers for endocrine therapy response in HR-positive/HER2-negative early breast cancer.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Spatially resolved single-cell landscape of tumor immunotypes reveals the central role of interferon signaling and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in triple-negative breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Prediction of outcome from spatial Protein profiling of triple-negative breast cancers.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Digital spatial profiling identifies features of primary and locoregional metastatic vasculature in triple negative breast cancer.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Article
- Spatial omics for profiling the dynamic tumor microenvironment.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial immune biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer: emerging evidence, technology trade-offs, and barriers to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A dual-functional in situ hydrogel for delivering vitamin E-based lipid nanoparticles to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Expression of carcinoma ecotypes in the tumor microenvironment predicts response to neoadjuvant therapy in early-stage breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tumor microenvironment response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer: insights from single-cell and spatial omics.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Mapping molecular landscapes in triple-negative breast cancer: insights from spatial transcriptomics.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Prognostic and predictive capacity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the MA.20 regional node radiotherapy trial.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Spatial biomarkers of response to eribulin plus pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer in the ENHANCE-1 trial.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Quantitative analysis of T cell subsets in a population of Black women with invasive breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Tumor-specific MHC-II guides anthracycline exemption and immunotherapy benefit in breast cancer.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Harnessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Opportunities and Barriers to Clinical Integration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Breast cancer scoring based on a multiplexed profiling of soluble and cell-associated (immune) markers facilitates the prediction of pembrolizumab therapy.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Emerging AI approaches for cancer spatial omics.GigaScience · 2025Review
- Spatial profiling of the metabolism-immune axis in ovarian cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The utility of spatial immunobiomarker quantitation in prognostication and therapeutic prediction is actively being investigated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, with high-plex quantitative digital spatial profiling, we map and quantitate intraepithelial and adjacent stromal tumor immune protein microenvironments in systemic treatment-naïve (female only) TNBC to assess the spatial context in immunobiomarker-based prediction of outcome. Immune protein profiles of CD45-rich and CD68-rich stromal microenvironments differ significantly. While they typically mirror adjacent, intraepithelial microenvironments, this is not uniformly true. In two TNBC cohorts, intraepithelial CD40 or HLA-DR enrichment associates with better outcomes, independently of stromal immune protein profiles or stromal TILs and other established prognostic variables. In contrast, intraepithelial or stromal microenvironment enrichment with IDO1 associates with improved survival irrespective of its spatial location. Antigen-presenting and T-cell activation states are inferred from eigenprotein scores. Such scores within the intraepithelial compartment interact with PD-L1 and IDO1 in ways that suggest prognostic and/or therapeutic potential. This characterization of the intrinsic spatial immunobiology of treatment-naïve TNBC highlights the importance of spatial microenvironments for biomarker quantitation to resolve intrinsic prognostic and predictive immune features and ultimately inform therapeutic strategies for clinically actionable immune biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.