ArticleNature medicine2023
Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries.
Article in Nature medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06242535 (Pilot Study of GLY-LOW Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women With Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study of GLY-LOW Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women With Obesity
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo and incident type 2 diabetes in an ancillary study of the randomized Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of ultra-processed foods consumption on the burden of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Belgium: a comparative risk assessment.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevention of type 2 diabetes through prediabetes remission without weight loss.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Nutrition transitions, obesity and T2DM in the Middle East and North Africa.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Grain proteins ameliorate glucose metabolism disorders by activating intestinal AhR and the hepatic NLK/FOXO1 pathway via gut microbiota-derived indole metabolites.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Life Course Dietary Insulinemic and Inflammatory Potential and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Women: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Distinct dietary patterns across type 2 diabetes subtypes: Insights from the SMART2D cohort.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- The Dietary Protein Source Modulates Obesity Development and Induces Distinct Plasma Lipid Profiles and Transcriptome Profiles in Liver and Adipose Tissue.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- From dietary-pattern discovery to precision nutrition equity in type 2 diabetes.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus exacerbates vaginal group BmSphere · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of the 2021-2024 Implementation of the Fresh Start Enhanced Food Is Medicine Intervention Among Rural, Underinsured People With Type 2 Diabetes.Preventing chronic disease · 2026Article
- Optimal measures of carbohydrate quality to lower the risk of type 2 diabetes: findings from 3 prospective cohort studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Understanding sugar-sweetened beverage tax implementation globally: a 34-year, population-based observational study in 183 countries.The Lancet. Global health · 2026Observational
- Effects of semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on food preferences in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes and visceral fat accumulation.Endocrine journal · 2026Observational
- Tea intake as a dietary factor for cardiovascular health: global estimates of potentially preventable ischemic heart disease.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Dietary knowledge and perceptions in UK Pakistani/Bangladeshi communities: a survey on low-carbohydrate and intermittent fasting diets for diabetes prevention and management.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Global, regional and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to suboptimal diet, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease study.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus exacerbates vaginal group BbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 20 institutions in 67 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8-14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8-71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0-27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3-27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3-23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4-87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1-83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1-60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.