ArticleBMJ open2023
Defining measures of emergency care access in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mitigating Financial Barriers to Trauma Care in Cameroon Through Locally Designed Quality Improvement.World journal of surgery · 2026Observational
- Effectiveness of a village emergency care model: a pilot intervention in rural Tanzania.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2026Article
- Emergency, critical and operative care in Afghanistan: pathways to overcoming fragmentation and strengthening access in a post-conflict setting-a mixed-method study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- An assessment of emergency care capacity at three hospitals in the Harare metropol, Zimbabwe: A descriptive cross-sectional study using the WHO Hospital Emergency Assessment Tool (HEAT).African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2025Article
- Global emergency medicine: A scoping review of the literature from 2023.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence-driven forecasting and shift optimization for pediatric emergency department crowding.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Are we ready? Emergency unit capacity at selected district level hospitals in Lusaka Province, Zambia: Barriers and facilitators for improving trauma care: a mixed methods approach.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Japanese instructor experiences in the first overseas BLS course certified by the Japanese association for acute medicine in Cambodia: a mixed-methods analysis using text mining.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Access to emergency care in primary healthcare system in Tanzania: a mixed-method community-based study in a resource-limited setting.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- A framework for ageing and health vulnerabilities in a changing climate.Nature climate change · 2024Article
- Seeking and reaching emergency care: A cross sectional household survey across two Liberian counties.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Strategies to Combat Overcrowding at Emergency Departments across India: A White Paper by the Academic College of Emergency Experts, India and the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Emergency and Trauma, South-East Asia.Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shockArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOver 50% of annual deaths in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) could be averted through access to high-quality emergency care.
objectivesWe performed a scoping review of the literature that described at least one measure of emergency care access in LMICs in order to understand relevant barriers to emergency care systems. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: English language studies published between 1 January 1990 and 30 December 2020, with one or more discrete measure(s) of access to emergency health services in LMICs described. SOURCE OF EVIDENCE: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and the grey literature. CHARTING
methodsA structured data extraction tool was used to identify and classify the number of 'unique' measures, and the number of times each unique measure was studied in the literature ('total' measures). Measures of access were categorised by access type, defined by Thomas and Penchansky, with further categorisation according to the 'Three Delay' model of seeking, reaching and receiving care, and the WHO's Emergency Care Systems Framework (ECSF).
resultsA total of 3103 articles were screened. 75 met full study inclusion. Articles were uniformly descriptive (n=75, 100%). 137 discrete measures of access were reported. Unique measures of accommodation (n=42, 30.7%) and availability (n=40, 29.2%) were most common. Measures of seeking, reaching and receiving care were 22 (16.0%), 46 (33.6%) and 69 (50.4%), respectively. According to the ECSF slightly more measures focused on prehospital care-inclusive of care at the scene and through transport to a facility (n=76, 55.4%) as compared with facility-based care (n=57, 41.6%).
conclusionsNumerous measures of emergency care access are described in the literature, but many measures are overaddressed. Development of a core set of access measures with associated minimum standards are necessary to aid in ensuring universal access to high-quality emergency care in all settings.
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