ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2023
Disparities in COVID-19 clinical studies from high-income and low-and middle-income countries.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering Universal Cancer Immunity: Non-Tumor-Specific mRNA Vaccines Trigger Epitope Spreading in Cold Tumors.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Vaccination Coverage Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 in People Living on Quilombos in Brazil and Its Association With the Human Development Index and the Quality of the Health System.Journal of medical virology · 2025Observational
- The Current Landscape of Clinical Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Work hours, appraisal at work, and intention to leave the medical research workforce in Japan.Journal of occupational health · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the disparities between COVID-19 studies conducted in high-income countries (HICs) and low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).
methodsWe used the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to identify COVID-19-related studies registered from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2021. The World Bank definition was used to classify countries as high-, upper-middle-, lower-middle-, and low-income. The last three were considered to be LMICs. We examined the disparities in response speed, classification of medicines and vaccines, and registration and results reporting compliance between COVID-19 studies conducted in HICs and LMICs.
resultsWe included 12,396 COVID-19 studies, with 6631 (53.5%) from HICs. HIC-registered studies reached a peak of 1039 in April 2020, whereas LMICs had only 440 studies. Of the 6969 interventional trials, those from HICs showed higher registration compliance (2199, 62.3% vs 1979, 57.6%, P <0.001) and results reporting compliance (hazard ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.55, P < 0.001) than LMICs. HICs also conducted significantly more small-molecule drug (956, 57.5% vs 868, 41.2%, P <0.001) and messenger RNA vaccine trials (135, 32.9% vs 19, 4.8%, P <0.001) than LMICs.
conclusionHICs conducted COVID-19 trials with faster response speed and higher registration and publication compliance and produced more innovative pharmaceutical and vaccine products to combat COVID-19 than LMICs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.