ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Epistasis reduces fitness costs of influenza A virus escape from stem-binding antibodies.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Raman Analysis of RNA Nucleotide Strands From SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Subvariants: A Step Forward in the Definition of "Raman Genome".Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- In silico analysis of pH stabilising mutations of hemagglutinin of influenza A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Concepts of RNA virus evolution for the design of better antiviral countermeasures.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Identification of a Key Hemagglutinin Mutation Mediating Antibody Escape in Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses.Viruses · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic mutational effects on function and stability constrain the antigenic evolution of influenza haemagglutinin.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic mutational effects on function and stability constrain the antigenic evolution of influenza hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Epitope-Specific Antibody Immunodominance Driving Antibody and Influenza Viral Evolution During 2010- 2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Influenza A Virus H7 nanobody recognizes a conserved immunodominant epitope on hemagglutinin head and confers heterosubtypic protection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The importance of epistasis in the evolution of viral pathogens.Virus evolution · 2025Review
- Use of equine H3N8 hemagglutinin as a broadly protective influenza vaccine immunogen.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Major Shift of Influenza A Virus of Swine (IAV-S) by Human-to-Swine Spillover of the 2009 Pandemic Virus in Korea.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- mRNA vaccines encoding computationally optimized hemagglutinin elicit protective antibodies against future antigenically drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses isolated between 2018-2020.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Co-evolution of immunity and seasonal influenza viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The hemagglutinin (HA) stem region is a major target of universal influenza vaccine efforts owing to the presence of highly conserved epitopes across multiple influenza A virus (IAV) strains and subtypes. To explore the potential impact of vaccine-induced immunity targeting the HA stem, we examined the fitness effects of viral escape from stem-binding broadly neutralizing antibodies (stem-bnAbs). Recombinant viruses containing each individual antibody escape substitution showed diminished replication compared to wild-type virus, indicating that stem-bnAb escape incurred fitness costs. A second-site mutation in the HA head domain (N129D; H1 numbering) reduced the fitness effects observed in primary cell cultures and likely enabled the selection of escape mutations. Functionally, this putative permissive mutation increased HA avidity for its receptor. These results suggest a mechanism of epistasis in IAV, wherein modulating the efficiency of attachment eases evolutionary constraints imposed by the requirement for membrane fusion. Taken together, the data indicate that viral escape from stem-bnAbs is costly but highlights the potential for epistatic interactions to enable evolution within the functionally constrained HA stem domain.
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