ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2023
Influence of Maternal Breast Milk and Vaginal Microbiome on Neonatal Gut Microbiome: a Longitudinal Study during the First Year.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- [Effects of probiotics combined with breastfeeding on intestinal colonization and the risk of allergic diseases in newborns delivered by cesarean section: a 5-year follow-up study].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- A Metagenomic Comparison of the Colostrum Microbiome in Bulgarian Mothers by Delivery Mode: A Pilot Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Microbiome Profiling of Pretreated Human Breast Milk Using Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Selected Protective Mechanisms of Human Milk Against Intestinal Protozoal Infections in Infants.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Functional and Safety Profile ofPharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Review
- The Neonatal Microbiome: Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerations.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Microbial beginnings: determinants and disruptions of the neonatal microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Vaginal microbiota transplantation is a truly opulent and promising edge: fully grasp its potential.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is believed that establishment of the gut microbiome starts very early in life and is crucial for growth, immunity, and long-term metabolic health. In this longitudinal study, we recruited 25 mothers in their third trimester, of whom 15 had vaginal delivery while 10 had an unplanned cesarean section (C-section). The mother-neonate pairs were followed for 1 year, and we generated 16S metagenomic data to study the neonatal gut microbiome along with mother's breast milk and vaginal microbiomes through 12 months after delivery, at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. We inferred (i) mode of delivery is an important factor influencing both composition and entropy of the neonatal gut microbiome, and the genus Streptococcus plays an important role in the temporal differentiation. (ii) Microbial diversity monotonically increases with age, irrespective of the mode of delivery, and it is significantly altered once exclusive breastfeeding is stopped. (iii) We found little evidence in favor of the microflora of mother's breast milk and a vaginal swab being directly reflected in the offspring's gut microbiome; however, some distinction could be made in the gut microbiome of neonates whose mothers were classified as community state type III (CSTIII) and CSTIV, based on their vaginal microbiomes. (iv) A lot of the mature gut microbiome is possibly acquired from the environment, as the genera
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