ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2023
IGF-1 and Risk of Morbidity and Mortality From Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, and All Causes in EPIC-Heidelberg.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise-induced modulation of IGF-1 in healthy, obese, and cancer populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Acromegaly and breast cancer risk: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- IGF-1 levels in the general population, heart failure patients, and individuals with acromegaly: differences and projections from meta-analyses-a dual perspective.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Lifestyle intervention based on aerobic exercise and Mediterranean diet modulates IGF-1 and its binding proteins in breast cancer survivors.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Trial
- Adaptation of the Transcriptome and miRNAome in Response to Hepatocellular Hypoxia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Evidence for a Potential Context-Dependent Dual Role of Eb Peptide of IGF-1Eb in Cancer Cell Survival and Adaptation to UV Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone, Not Simply Just a Hormone for Growth.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- The relationship between IGF-1 and cardiovascular diseases and the potential mediating role of TyG-related index: evidence from a cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Diabetes and cancer: therapeutic implications.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Review
- The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- GH-resistant (Laron) mice: gene therapy with a liver-specific GH receptor causes unbalanced upregulation of female-biased and growth-related genes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Physical activity and the Neuro-Immuno-Fascial interface in cancer patients: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic integration.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Hemp seed extract as a catalyst for cell proliferation via IGF-1 and growth hormone signaling: Increased natural regenerative potential of muscles.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Targeting the Gut-Brain Axis Through Insulin-like Growth Factors: Therapeutic Implications and Future Directions.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Review
- Impacts of systemic milieu on cerebrovascular and brain aging: insights from heterochronic parabiosis, blood exchange, and plasma transfer experiments.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Adipose tissue ageing: implications for metabolic health and lifespan.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Historical rise of cancer and dietary linoleic acid: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Evolving tumor microenvironment: Driving cancer initiation and progression in cardiovascular diseases.iScience · 2025Review
- The role of physical activity and epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer prevention.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-7 Is Positively Associated with Age, Obesity, Mortality, and Cancer in Postmenopausal Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThe functional status of organs, such as the liver, involved in IGF-1 signaling pathways influences circulating levels of IGF-1 and hence its relationship to risk of chronic disease and mortality, yet this has received limited attention.
objectiveTo examine the relationship between IGF-1 and risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and all causes, accounting for liver function.
methodsThis study was a case-cohort design nested within EPIC-Heidelberg. IGF-1 was measured in 7461 stored serum samples collected from 1994 to 1998. Median follow-up for incident mortality events was 17.5 years. The case-cohort included a subcohort of 1810 men and 1890 women, in addition to 1668 incident cases of cancer (623 breast, 577 prostate, 202 lung, and 268 colorectal), and 1428 cases of CVD (707 myocardial infarctions and 723 strokes) and 2441 cases of death.
resultsHigher IGF-1 levels showed direct associations with risks of breast (1.25; 95% CI [1.06-1.47]) and prostate (1.31; [1.09-1.57]) cancers. Restricted cubic splines plots and models including IGF-1 as quintiles revealed a U-shaped relationship between the biomarker and mortality. Participants with the lowest and the highest levels of IGF-1 experienced higher hazards of mortality from cancer, CVD, and all causes. The U-shaped form of the relationship persisted but was attenuated in analyses including only participants without any indications of liver dysfunction.
conclusionThis large population-based prospective study showed that both individuals with lowest and highest levels of circulating IGF-1 were at increased risk of deaths from cancer, CVD, and all causes. For individuals with low IGF-1, the excess risks of death were more pronounced among individuals with liver cancer and cirrhosis but were also present among individuals without elevated liver enzymes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.