ReviewNature reviews bioengineering2023
Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification.
Review in Nature reviews bioengineering, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biodegradable Microrobots for Active Navigation and Delivery on Ex Vivo Cardiac Models.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Magnetically actuated miniature bamboo-fiber robots for antibiotic removal from water.iScience · 2026Article
- Dynamic magnetic capture-catalytic pyrolysis for aquatic micro- and nanoplastic management.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Unraveling the effect of topological structures of B/N-doped conjugated macrocycles on spectral properties: A computational study.Smart molecules : open access · 2026Article
- Autonomous Cargo Transport with Biohybrid Microswimmers Enabled by Light-Mediated Bacteria-Cargo Communication.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Silver-enhanced Photoresponsive g-CSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Photochemical Fuel Carrier Molecules for Robotic Embodied Energy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Endogenous ATP-powered nanomotors directing neural stem cell differentiation for Parkinson's disease treatment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Machine learning-driven design of engineered cilia enables hybrid operations in acoustic microrobots.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Emergent Synchronization and Self-Organization of Autonomous Nanospinners.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Physical Intelligence in Small-Scale Robots and Machines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Molecularly Engineered Fluorescent Magnetic Microrobots for Sensing High-Energy Nitroaromatic Explosives in Highly Acidic Aqueous Environments.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Removal of 2,4 di-nitrophenol by using modified spinel aluminate/chitosan nanoparticles composites.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microrobots in food science and technology.Nature food · 2025Review
- Anomalous Dynamics of Superparamagnetic Colloidal Microrobots with Tailored Statistics.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- From propulsion to suction: Unraveling thrust reversal in propellers at intermediate Reynolds numbers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- 33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Exosome-driven biohybrid nanorobots: bridging nature and nanotechnology in biomedical innovation.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Reconfigurable Self-Assembling Photocatalytic Magnetic Liquid Metal Microrobot Swarm for Microplastic Capture and Degradation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Magnetically Driven Living Microrobot Swarms for Aquatic Micro- and Nanoplastic Cleanup.ACS nano · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Less than 1% of Earth's freshwater reserves is accessible. Industrialization, population growth and climate change are further exacerbating clean water shortage. Current water-remediation treatments fail to remove most pollutants completely or release toxic by-products into the environment. The use of self-propelled programmable micro- and nanoscale synthetic robots is a promising alternative way to improve water monitoring and remediation by overcoming diffusion-limited reactions and promoting interactions with target pollutants, including nano- and microplastics, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, oils and pathogenic microorganisms. This Review introduces the evolution of passive micro- and nanomaterials through active micro- and nanomotors and into advanced intelligent micro- and nanorobots in terms of motion ability, multifunctionality, adaptive response, swarming and mutual communication. After describing removal and degradation strategies, we present the most relevant improvements in water treatment, highlighting the design aspects necessary to improve remediation efficiency for specific contaminants. Finally, open challenges and future directions are discussed for the real-world application of smart micro- and nanorobots.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.