ArticleMalaysian orthopaedic journal2023
The Wave Sign Correlates with the Posterior Horn Medial Meniscus (PHMM) Tear in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Deficient Knee.
Article in Malaysian orthopaedic journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reconstruction After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Does Not Reduce the Osteoarthritis Risk But Lowers the Total Knee Arthroplasty Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Introduction: A posterior horn medial meniscus (PHMM) tear subjects the knee to pathological stresses, especially in the setting of a deficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). These PHMM tears have to be surgically addressed, however they remain a diagnostic challenge. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the wave sign as an arthroscopic diagnostic aid for the PHMM tear which may be occult. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 61 consecutive patients (62 ACL-deficient knees) who underwent arthroscopic primary ACL reconstruction between September 2017 and August 2018. We defined PHMM tears as tears located in the posterior one-third of the medial meniscus. Root tears and ramp lesions were included in our analysis. The arthroscopic findings were recorded after a comprehensive arthroscopic survey. Results: In the sample of ACL-deficient knees, 44 (71.0%) had a concomitant medial meniscus tear. The most common location for the tear was in the posterior horn (81.8%). There were seven occult PHMM tears, not described by the radiologist or identified by the operating surgeon on the pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging. The wave sign was identified in 10 (16.1%) knees, all confirming the presence of the PHMM tear. A positive correlation was found between the presence of the wave sign and the PHMM tear. Conclusions: The wave sign has a statistically significant but weak positive correlation with the presence of the PHMM. We view the wave sign as a valuable arthroscopic cue to rule-in the presence of the PHMM tear in the ACL-deficient knee.
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