Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37064479›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2023

Large-scale study of the precision of the approximate number system: Differences between formats, heterogeneity and congruency effects.

S Malykh, S Tarasov, I Baeva, E Nikulchev, P Kolyasnikov, D Ilin, I Marnevskaia, A Malykh, V Ismatullina, Y Kuzmina

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Improvement of the Gaussian mixture models' unsupervised learning method through the inclusion of dynamical systems for various types of nonlinear data.Heliyon · 2024
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

S MalykhDepartment of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

S TarasovThe Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia.

I BaevaThe Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia.

E NikulchevMIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia.

P KolyasnikovRussian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia.

D IlinMIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia.

I MarnevskaiaPsychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia.

A MalykhPsychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia.

V IsmatullinaPsychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia.

Y KuzminaHSE University, Moscow, Russia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The study used a large sample of elementary schoolchildren in Russia (N = 3,448, 51.6% were girls, with a mean age of 8.70 years, ranging 6-11 years) to investigate the congruency, format and heterogeneity effects in a nonsymbolic comparison test and between-individual differences in these effects with generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs). The participants were asked to compare two arrays of figures of different colours in spatially separated or spatially intermixed formats. In addition, the figures could be similar or different for the two arrays. The results revealed that congruency (difference between congruent and incongruent items), format (difference between mixed and separated formats) and heterogeneity (difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions) interacted. The heterogeneity effect was higher in the separated format, while the format effect was higher for the homogeneous condition. The separated format produced a greater congruency effect than the mixed format. In addition, the congruency effect was lower in the heterogeneous condition than in the homogeneous condition. Analysis of between-individual differences revealed that there was significant between-individual variance in the format and congruency effects. Analysis of between-grade differences revealed that accuracy improved from grade 1 to grade 4 only for congruent trials in separated formats. Consequently, the congruency effect increased in separated/homogeneous and separated/heterogeneous conditions. In general, the study demonstrated that the test format and heterogeneity affected accuracy and that this effect varied for congruent and incongruent items.

Indexed as

Approximate number systemCongruency effectHeterogeneityMixed formatSeparated formatVisual cues

Identifiers

PMID37064479

DOI10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14912

PMCPMC10102223

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.