ArticleComputers & education2023
Interaction during online classes fosters engagement with learning and self-directed study both in the first and second years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Computers & education, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Digital transformation in education: psychological perspectives on learning, engagement, and outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Development and Feasibility of an eHealth Diabetes Prevention Program Adapted for Older Adults-Results from a Randomized Control Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Transformations in nursing education: a qualitative study of student experiences in Türkiye during the pandemic and post-pandemic.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Digital Learning Competence and Learning Performance Among Chinese Higher Vocational College Students: A Dual-Path Moderated Mediation Model.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Social influence and academic performance: a serial mediation model in AI-enhanced learning.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Impact of generative AI interaction and output quality on university students' learning outcomes: a technology-mediated and motivation-driven approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- What are the influencing factors of online learning engagement? A systematic literature review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Social Interaction and Online Learning Efficiency for Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Social Presence and Learning Engagement.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Implementing a Social Presence-Based Teaching Strategy in Online Lecture Learning.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- Changes in Psychological Challenges, Positive Experiences, and Coping Strategies among International Students in the United States before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Plant a seed series: the impact of an online outreach package on school pupils' knowledge, skills, and attitudes to medicine.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Influence of online collaborative learning on social network and academic performance of medical students: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Maintaining students' learning engagement was a challenge in emergency online education during the pandemic. In this study, we investigated the predictors (social interaction) and outcomes (self-directed study) of engagement in online learning during the first and second years of the COVID-19 pandemic. First-year Japanese university students (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.