ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2023
Dynamic Evolution of Retroviral Envelope Genes in Egg-Laying Mammalian Genomes.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- An ancient alpharetrovirus lineage in bats: Evolutionary insights and possible roles in reproduction.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Beyond Genetic Conservation: The Baton Pass Model of Essential Biological Functions.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Dynamic evolution of retroviral envelope-derived sequences in primates.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Birth of protein-coding exons by ancient domestication of LINE-1 retrotransposon.Genome research · 2025Article
- Receptor usage of Syncytin-1: ASCT2, but not ASCT1, is a functional receptor and effector of cell fusion in the human placenta.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Retrotransposon renaissance in early embryos.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2024Review
- The sixth Japanese meeting on biological function and evolution through interactions between hosts and transposable elements.Mobile DNA · 2023Article
- Retrovirus-Derived RTL/SIRH: Their Diverse Roles in the Current Eutherian Developmental System and Contribution to Eutherian Evolution.Biomolecules · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Independently acquired envelope (env) genes from endogenous retroviruses have contributed to the placental trophoblast cell-cell fusion in therian mammals. Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) are an important sister clade for understanding mammalian placental evolution, but the env genes in their genomes have yet to be investigated. Here, env-derived open reading frames (env-ORFs) encoding more than 400 amino acid lengths were searched in the genomes of two monotremes: platypus and echidna. Only two env-ORFs were present in the platypus genome, whereas 121 env-ORFs were found in the echidna genome. The echidna env-ORFs were phylogenetically classified into seven groups named env-Tac1 to -Tac7. Among them, the env-Tac1 group contained only a single gene, and its amino acid sequence showed high similarity to those of the RD114/simian type D retroviruses. Using the pseudotyped virus assay, we demonstrated that the Env-Tac1 protein utilizes echidna sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 1 and 2 (ASCT1 and ASCT2) as entry receptors. Moreover, the Env-Tac1 protein caused cell-cell fusion in human 293T cells depending on the expression of ASCT1 and ASCT2. These results illustrate that fusogenic env genes are not restricted to placental mammals, providing insights into the evolution of retroviral genes and the placenta.
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