ArticleBrain and behavior2023
Continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation of primary visual cortex do not modulate resting state functional connectivity: A sham-controlled multi-echo fMRI study.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Theta burst stimulation of extrastriate body area for body perception in anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation does not alter GABA concentration or functional connectivity in the normal visual cortex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Review
- Continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation of primary visual cortex do not modulate resting state functional connectivity: A sham-controlled multi-echo fMRI study.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Frame-wise multi-echo distortion correction for superior functional MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
introductionTheta burst stimulation (TBS) is a type of rTMS protocol which has the advantage of a shorter delivery time over traditional rTMS. When applied to motor cortex, intermittent TBS (iTBS) has been shown to yield excitatory aftereffects, whereas continuous TBS (cTBS) may lead to inhibitory aftereffects, both lasting from minutes to hours. The majority of TBS research has targeted motor, frontal, and parietal regions, and to date very few studies have examined its efficacy at visual areas. We designed a sham-controlled study to investigate the immediate poststimulation and short-term (1 h post-stimulation) effects of iTBS and cTBS to V1.
methodsUsing multiecho functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the direct and indirect effects of TBS by comparing resting state functional connectivity (FC) before and after stimulation in whole brain networks, and seeds from V1 (stimulation site) and neighboring occipital and parietal visual networks. In addition, we also measured pre- and post-TBS phosphene thresholds (PTs) to examine the modulatory effects of TBS on cortical excitability.
resultsWe found no changes in FC for iTBS, cTBS or sham stimulation conditions from baseline to poststimulation timepoints. Additionally, cTBS and iTBS had no effect on visual cortical excitability.
conclusionsOur results indicate that unlike our previous low frequency rTMS to V1 study, which resulted in widespread FC changes up to at least 1 h after stimulation, TBS to V1 does not affect FC. Contrary to the studies showing comparable TBS and rTMS aftereffects in motor and frontal regions, our findings suggest that a single session of cTBS or iTBS to V1 at 80% PT using a standard protocol of 600 pulses may not be effective in targeting FC, especially in clinical settings where therapy for pathological networks is the goal.
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