ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2024
Is age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for ADHD associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse?
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preventing Prescription Stimulant Diversion and Misuse via a Web-Based Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Trial
- Effects on alcohol and substance use of a school-based training intervention for adolescents with ADHD.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- An examination of the impact of treatment on later risk for a substance use disorder in young people with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Does Combined Stimulant and Psychosocial Treatment in Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Protect Against Future Substance Use?JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Telehealth Prescribing of Stimulants for ADHD and Associated Risk for Later Stimulant and Substance Use Disorders.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- ADHD and Alcohol Use Disorder: Optimizing Screening and Treatment in Co-occurring Conditions.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Translating the nuanced risk for substance use among adolescents treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into clinical practice: a commentary on McCabe et al. (2023).Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Article
- Examining the role of dopamine in methylphenidate's effects on resting brain function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Cocaine reward and reinstatement in adolescent versus adult rodents.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Methamphetamine Use Practices, Motivations, and Perceived Benefits and Risks: Exploring Differences Between Males and Females.Journal of psychoactive drugsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo assess whether age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse during adolescence.
methodsNationally representative samples of US 10th and 12th grade students (N = 150,395) from the Monitoring the Future study were surveyed via self-administered questionnaires from 16 annual surveys (2005-2020).
resultsAn estimated 8.2% of youth received stimulant therapy for ADHD during their lifetime (n = 10,937). More than one in 10 of all youth reported past-year prescription stimulant misuse (10.4%)-past-year cocaine (4.4%) and methamphetamine (2.0%) use were less prevalent. Youth who initiated early stimulant therapy for ADHD (≤9 years old) and for long duration (≥6 years) did not have significantly increased adjusted odds of cocaine or methamphetamine use relative to population controls (ie, non-ADHD and unmedicated ADHD youth). Youth who initiated late stimulant therapy for ADHD (≥10 years old) and for short duration (<1 year) had significantly higher odds of past-year cocaine or prescription stimulant misuse in adolescence than those initiating early stimulant therapy for ADHD (≤9 years old) and for long duration (≥6 years). Youth who initiated late stimulant therapy for ADHD (≥10 years) for short duration (<1 year) had significantly higher odds of past-year cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse versus population controls during adolescence. No differences in past-year cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse were found between individuals who only used non-stimulant therapy for ADHD relative to youth who initiated early stimulant therapy (≤9 years old) and for long duration (≥6 years).
conclusionsAn inverse relationship was found between years of stimulant therapy and illicit and prescription stimulant misuse. Adolescents with later initiation and/or shorter duration of stimulant treatment for ADHD should be monitored for potential illicit and prescription stimulant misuse.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.