ArticleThe Lancet. Global health2023
Real-world impact of integrating HIV assisted partner services into 31 facilities in Kenya: a single-arm, hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness study.
Article in The Lancet. Global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prison-based HIV partner notification in Indonesia: rationale and design of a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of HIV self-testing when offered within assisted partner services in Western Kenya (APS-HIVST Study): a cluster randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Trial
- Improving HIV assisted partner services outcomes by eliciting additional partners after the initial encounter.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Strengthening HIV Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa Through Implementation Research: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Review
- Factors influencing community demand for assisted partner services for HIV in western Kenya: a multilevel qualitative analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Health and economic impact of oral PrEP provision across subgroups in western Kenya: a modelling analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Partner Characteristics and HIV Outcomes Among Partners Reached by Phone Versus In-Person for Assisted Partner Services in Western Kenya.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Characteristics of and Factors Associated With Partner Service Uptake Cascade Among People With Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Diagnoses in Southeastern China in 2022: Cross-Sectional Survey.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Providing HIV-assisted partner services to partners of partners in western Kenya: an implementation science study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- "The targets…are driving the agenda and that probably needs to change": stakeholder perspectives on HIV partner notification in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Process Evaluations for the Scale-Up of Complex Interventions - a Scoping Review.International journal of integrated careArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAssisted partner services (APS), or exposure notification and HIV testing for sexual partners of individuals diagnosed with HIV (index clients), have been shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials. We assessed the real-world effectiveness of APS when integrated into HIV clinics in western Kenya.
methodsIn this single-arm, hybrid type 2 implementation science study, we facilitated APS implementation in 31 health facilities in Kenya by training existing health-care staff. We focused on male partner outcomes to assess the impact of APS in reaching male individuals in sub-Saharan Africa, who have lower rates of HIV testing than female individuals. Female individuals (aged ≥18 years or emancipated minor) who tested positive for HIV at participating facilities in Kenya were offered APS; consenting female participants provided contact information for all male sexual partners in the past 3 years. Male partners were notified of their potential HIV exposure and offered a choice of community-based or facility-based HIV testing services (HTS). Female index clients and male partners with HIV were followed up at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after enrolment, to assess linkage to antiretroviral treatment. Viral load was assessed at 12 months.
findingsBetween May 1, 2018, and March 31, 2020, 32 722 female individuals received HTS; 1910 (6%) tested positive for HIV, of whom 1724 (90%) received APS. Female index clients named 5137 male partners (median 3 per index [IQR 2-4]), of whom 4422 (86%) were reached with exposure notification and HTS. 524 (12%) of the male partners tested were newly diagnosed with HIV and 1292 (29%) reported a previous HIV diagnosis. At 12 months follow-up, 1512 (88%) female index clients and 1621 (89%) male partners with HIV were taking ART, with few adverse events: 25 (2%) female index clients and seven (<1%) male partners reported intimate partner violence, and 60 (3%) female index clients and ten (<1%) male partners reported relationship dissolution.
interpretationEvidence from this real-world APS scale-up project shows that APS is a safe, acceptable, and effective strategy to identify males with HIV and retain them in care.
fundingThe US National Institutes of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.