ArticleCell reports. Medicine2023
PPRX-1701, a nanoparticle formulation of 6'-bromoindirubin acetoxime, improves delivery and shows efficacy in preclinical GBM models.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nexus of IDO1/Kynurenine Pathway to T-Cell Exhaustion: Hypoxia-Induced Tryptophan Metabolism in Glioblastoma.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Natural vaccine adjuvants from traditional Chinese medicines: Mechanisms to applications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a rehabilitated target for therapeutic immune modulation.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Tumor-infiltrating nerves: unraveling the role of cancer neuroscience in tumorigenesis, disease progression, and emerging therapies.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Liposome-Polymer Nanoparticles Loaded with Copper Diethyldithiocarbamate and 6-Bromo-Indirubin-3'-Oxime Enable the Treatment of Refractive Melanoma.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma multiforme: an updated overview of temozolomide resistance mechanisms and strategies to overcome resistance.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Modulation of blood-tumor barrier transcriptional programs improves intratumoral drug delivery and potentiates chemotherapy in GBM.Science advances · 2025Article
- Trojan Horse Delivery Strategies of Natural Medicine Monomers: Challenges and Limitations in Improving Brain Targeting.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Identification and Validation of Prognostic Genes Related to Histone Lactylation Modification in Glioblastoma: An Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Single-cell RNA Sequencing.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Modulation of blood-tumor barrier transcriptional programs improves intra-tumoral drug delivery and potentiates chemotherapy in GBM.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Vincamine, from an antioxidant and a cerebral vasodilator to its anticancer potential.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Derivatives of the Chinese traditional medicine indirubin have shown potential for the treatment of cancer through a range of mechanisms. This study investigates the impact of 6'-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime (BiA) on immunosuppressive mechanisms in glioblastoma (GBM) and evaluates the efficacy of a BiA nanoparticle formulation, PPRX-1701, in immunocompetent mouse GBM models. Transcriptomic studies reveal that BiA downregulates immune-related genes, including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a critical enzyme in the tryptophan-kynurenine-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Trp-Kyn-AhR) immunosuppressive pathway in tumor cells. BiA blocks interferon-γ (IFNγ)-induced IDO1 protein expression in vitro and enhances T cell-mediated tumor cell killing in GBM stem-like cell co-culture models. PPRX-1701 reaches intracranial murine GBM and significantly improves survival in immunocompetent GBM models in vivo. Our results indicate that BiA improves survival in murine GBM models via effects on important immunotherapeutic targets in GBM and that it can be delivered efficiently via PPRX-1701, a nanoparticle injectable formulation of BiA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.