ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2023
Effects of hyperventilation on oxygenation, apnea breaking points, diving response, and spleen contraction during serial static apneas.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in breath-hold diving research: a state-of-the-art review.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Review
- Influence of hypercapnia and hypercapnic hypoxia on the heart rate response to apnea.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- The Effect of Static Apnea Diving Training on the Physiological Parameters of People with a Sports Orientation and Sedentary Participants: A Pilot Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Factors Affecting Voluntary Breath-Holding Duration and Breaking Point in Young Adults.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of hyperventilation on repeated breath-holding while in a fasting state: do risks outweigh the benefits?American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Article
- Toward a hyperventilation detection system in freediving: a proof of concept using force sensor technology.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeHyperventilation is considered a major risk factor for hypoxic blackout during breath-hold diving, as it delays the apnea breaking point. However, little is known about how it affects oxygenation, the diving response, and spleen contraction during serial breath-holding.
methods18 volunteers with little or no experience in freediving performed two series of 5 apneas with cold facial immersion to maximal duration at 2-min intervals. In one series, apnea was preceded by normal breathing and in the other by 15 s of hyperventilation. End-tidal oxygen and end-tidal carbon dioxide were measured before and after every apnea, and peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, breathing movements, and skin blood flow were measured continuously. Spleen dimensions were measured every 15 s.
resultsApnea duration was longer after hyperventilation (133 vs 111 s). Hyperventilation reduced pre-apnea end-tidal CO
conclusionsSerial apneas revealed a previously undescribed aspect of hyperventilation; a progressively increased desaturation across the series, not observed after normal breathing and could heighten the risk of a blackout.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.