ArticleBMC oral health2023
Effect of the ethnic, profession, gender, and social background on the perception of upper dental midline deviations in smile esthetics by Chinese and Black raters.
Article in BMC oral health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does variation in lower lip position and lower facial height affect the perception of smile attractiveness? : A quantitative analysis.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Article
- Analysis of Dento-Facial Parameters in the Young Population Using Digital Methods.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The study of individuals' preferences for smile aesthetics in frontal, oblique, and lateral view images.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Aesthetic Preferences for Replacement of Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Comparison of Canine Substitution, Implants and Resin-Bonded Bridges Among Australian Dental Professionals and Laypeople.Australian dental journal · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Facial Proportions, Landmarks Relationships With Facial and Dental Midlines, and Smile Framework.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
- Impact of dental aesthetics on self-esteem in students at the Polígono Sur education permanent center in Seville, Spain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of aesthetics of posed smiles based on smile-related characteristics.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2025Article
- The Impact of Midline Deviation on Smile Attractiveness: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Laypersons.Cureus · 2025Article
- Holdaway analysis exhibits the highest correlation with facial profile attractiveness among nine cephalometric analyses.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Impact of orthodontic-induced facial morphology changes on aesthetic evaluation: a retrospective study.BMC oral health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the perception of upper dental midline deviation on the attractiveness of a smile among raters from different ethnicities, professions, genders, and ages and measure to what extent the presence or absence of the associated smiling structures influence the raters' evaluations.
methodsA male subject (26 years of age) with adequate smile characteristics was selected by 3 experienced orthodontists, and 561 raters from 2 different ethnic groups (281 Chinese raters and 280 Black raters) rated the subject's smile after the subject's upper dental midline was digitally altered from 0 to 5 mm using a 5-point Likert scale on 12 smile photographs divided into two groups: group 1, in the presence of smile related structures, two-thirds of the nose, lips, and chin (NLC), and group 2, in the absence of smile related structures, the lips only (L).
resultsThere were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two ethnicities, in 2 mm and 4 mm in-group NLC and 5 mm in-group L, as well as the raters' profession to each midline shift of both groups (NLC) and (L) for both ethnicities except for 0 mm. Regarding the role of associated smile structures, the smile photos were observed in the presence of smile-associated structures, and in its absence (NLC × L), statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found when the deviation was 5 mm among the Chinese raters; in 1 mm, and 4 mm among the Black raters. Among different genders, statistical differences were only reported (p < 0.05) for Chinese raters for 5 mm in NLC, while statistical differences were observed for 2 mm and 3 mm in NLC for Black raters. For age categories, differences were observed (p < 0.05) for 4 mm, 5 mm in NLC and 4 mm, and 5 mm in L for Chinese raters, while 5 mm in NLC and 1 mm in L for Black raters.
conclusionPerception of the upper dental midline deviations was influenced by the factors of ethnicity, profession, presence or absence of smile-associated structures, as well as the gender and age of the raters.
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