ArticleVaccine2023
What accounts for the variation in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Eastern, Southern and Western Europe?
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of pediatric influenza and COVID-19 hospitalization on parental attitudes toward vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Observational
- The impact of national context on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy across Europe.BMC public health · 2026Article
- National identification and trust in institutions: understanding lower COVID-19 vaccination uptake among ethnic minorities in Europe.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Perceptions of Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Individuals in Europe Using Structural Text Modeling Technique: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- How People in Eight European Countries Felt About the Safety, Effectiveness, and Necessity of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Occupation: a predisposing factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital employees? A single-centre retrospective cohort study conducted in Austria.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- First real-life data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and severe disease from the eastern part of the WHO European Region.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
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- The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic experiences on attitudes towards vaccinations: on the social, cultural and political determinants of preferred vaccination organization models in Poland.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- Exploring the Inherent Heterogeneity of Vaccine Hesitancy: A Study of a Childhood-Vaccine-Hesitant Population.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic determinants and reasons for non-acceptance to vaccination recommendations during the 3BMC public health · 2024Article
- Timing of preventive behavior in the case of a new and evolving health risk: the case of COVID-19 vaccination.Health economics review · 2024Article
- A qualitative inquiry on drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- A protocol for modeling the factors influencing the deployment of the COVID-19 vaccine across African countries.PloS one · 2024Article
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- Psychological Predictors of COVID-19-Related Anxiety in Vulnerable Groups.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023Article
- Vaccination, life expectancy, and trust: patterns of COVID-19 and measles vaccination rates around the world.Public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the wake of mass COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in 2021, significant differences in vaccine skepticism emerged across Europe, with Eastern European countries in particular facing very high levels of vaccine hesitancy and refusal. This study investigates the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal, with a focus on these differences across Eastern, Southern and Western Europe. The statistical analyses are based on individual-level survey data comprising quota-based representative samples from 27 European countries from May 2021. The study finds that demographic variables have complex associations with vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The relationships with age and education are non-linear. Trust in different sources of health-related information has significant associations as well, with people who trust the Internet, social networks and 'people around' in particular being much more likely to express vaccine skepticism. Beliefs in the safety and effectiveness of vaccines have large predictive power. Importantly, this study shows that the associations of demographic, belief-related and other individual-level factors with vaccine hesitancy and refusal are context-specific. Yet, explanations of the differences in vaccine hesitancy across Eastern, Southern and Eastern Europe need to focus on why levels of trust and vaccine-relevant beliefs differ across regions, because the effects of these variables appear to be similar. It is the much higher prevalence of factors such as distrust of national governments and medical processionals as sources of relevant medical information in Eastern Europe that are relevant for explaining the higher levels of vaccine skepticism observed in that region.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.