ArticleScience advances2023
Genetic population structure of the Xiongnu Empire at imperial and local scales.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Ancient genomes from the Qing Dynasty reveal unbroken genetic continuity in China's Central Plains.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Social Stratification Without Genetic Differentiation at the Xisima Site in the Late Shang Dynasty.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Slab Grave expansion disrupted long co-existence of distinct Bronze Age herders in central Mongolia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Genetic Formation of Neolithic Hongshan People and Demic Expansion of Hongshan Culture Inferred From Ancient Human Genomes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Performance of qpAdm-based screens for genetic admixture on graph-shaped histories and stepping stone landscapes.Genetics · 2025Article
- Medieval genomes from eastern Iberia illuminate the role of Morisco mass deportations in dismantling a long-standing genetic bridge with North Africa.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Ancient genomes reveal trans-Eurasian connections between the European Huns and the Xiongnu Empire.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Global natural history infrastructure requires international solidarity, support, and investment in local capacity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Ancient genomes from the Tang Dynasty capital reveal the genetic legacy of trans-Eurasian communication at the eastern end of Silk Road.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Testing times: disentangling admixture histories in recent and complex demographies using ancient DNA.Genetics · 2024Article
- Testing Times: Challenges in Disentangling Admixture Histories in Recent and Complex Demographies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
The Xiongnu established the first nomadic imperial power, controlling the Eastern Eurasian steppe from ca. 200 BCE to 100 CE. Recent archaeogenetic studies identified extreme levels of genetic diversity across the empire, corroborating historical records of the Xiongnu Empire being multiethnic. However, it has remained unknown how this diversity was structured at the local community level or by sociopolitical status. To address this, we investigated aristocratic and local elite cemeteries at the western frontier of the empire. Analyzing genome-wide data from 18 individuals, we show that genetic diversity within these communities was comparable to the empire as a whole, and that high diversity was also observed within extended families. Genetic heterogeneity was highest among the lowest-status individuals, implying diverse origins, while higher-status individuals harbored less genetic diversity, suggesting that elite status and power was concentrated within specific subsets of the broader Xiongnu population.
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