ReviewJournal of experimental orthopaedics2023
Neuromuscular activity of the lower-extremities during running, landing and changing-of-direction movements in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of electromyographic studies.
Review in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unplanned movement tasks requiring rapid decision-making: a scoping review of study characteristics and methodological approaches.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Disrupted sensorimotor control after ACL injury: from mechanoreceptor degeneration to neuroplasticity-oriented rehabilitation.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Perturbation-evoked cortical responses and altered causal information flow reflect more effortful but less efficient postural control in patients after ACLR.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advances in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Risk stratification, graft choices, and functional recovery in 2026.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Review
- Sensor-based assessment of the acute effects of NMES combined with weighted squats on muscle activation and lower limb joint coordination during the stop-and-cut task.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- The impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on neuromuscular control during directional change.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Lower limb muscle synergies during deceleration at different change of direction angles.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lower extremity electromyographic characteristics of patients with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament rupture in one-legged jump landings: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Mild Residual Rotational Laxity on Performance After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Altered Metabolic Activity and Morphology of Lower Limb Muscles 1-2 Years Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Exploring Single-Leg Jump Testing as an Assessment of Functional Capacity in Achilles Tendinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study.Translational sports medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of Neuromuscular Control and Sensory and Psychological Anxiety Affecting Shock Absorption Capacity in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Demographic and Injury Characteristics as Potential Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mechanical energy flow analysis in athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during single-leg drop landing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Postural Control During Single-Leg Landing in Female Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRunning, jumping/landing and cutting/change of direction (CoD) are critical components of return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), however the electromyographic (EMG) activity patterns of the operated leg during the execution of these tasks are not clear.
methodsA systematic review was conducted to retrieve EMG studies during running, jumping/landing and cutting/(CoD) in ACLR patients. MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched from 2000 to May, 2022 using a combination of keywords and their variations: "anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" OR "ACLR", "electromyography" OR "EMG", "running", "jumping" OR "landing", "cutting" OR "change-of-direction" OR "CoD". The search identified studies comparing EMG data during running, landing and cutting/(CoD) between the involved limb and contralateral or control limbs. Risk of bias was assessed and quantitative analyses using effect sizes were performed.
resultsThirty two studies met the inclusion criteria. Seventy five percent (24/32) of the studies reported altered EMG activity pattern of the ACLR leg during running, jumping/landing and cutting/(CoD) when compared with either the healthy control leg or the contra-lateral leg. Twelve studies showed decreased, delayed or earlier onset and delayed peak in quadriceps EMG activity with small to large effect sizes and 9 studies showed increased, delayed or earlier onset and delayed peak in hamstrings EMG activity with small to large effect sizes. Four studies showed a "hamstrings-dominant" strategy i.e. decreased quadriceps coupled with increased hamstrings EMG activity in both running and jumping/landing irrespective of graft type. One study reported that on the grounds of decreased quadriceps activity, lower hamstrings EMG activity was predictive of ipsilateral re-injury in ACLR patients.
conclusionThis systematic review of Level III evidence showed that the ACLR leg displays decreased quadriceps or increased hamstrings EMG activity or both despite RTS. Simultaneous decreased quadriceps and increased hamstrings EMG activity was shown for both running and jumping/landing. From a clinical perspective this "hamstrings dominant" strategy can serve as a protective mechanism against graft re-injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.