ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
Relative Myopic Defocus in the Superior Retina as an Indicator of Myopia Development in Children.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic Accommodation Responses in Subjects Wearing Myopia Control Spectacles Modifying Peripheral Refraction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Trial
- Association of retinopathy of prematurity with early refractive development in mid-preterm infants.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Relative Peripheral Refraction During Childhood Myopia Onset: A 3-year Prospective Observation.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Observational
- Spectacle lenses for control of myopia progression in children.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Correlation between retinal defocus distribution and axial growth in myopic children wearing orthokeratology lenses.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effects of Myopia Control Spectacle Lenses on Peripheral Refraction and Contrast: Insights From Optical Modeling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Impact of Myopia Control Spectacles on Retinal Image Contrast.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Quantitative assessment of relative peripheral refraction in children with different refractive statuses and its associations with ocular biometry.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Alterations in Peripheral Refraction are Most Significant Just Before the Onset of Myopia: Evidence from Multispectral Refraction Topography.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- The Distribution of Spatial Contrast in Manmade Environments Produces Regional Visual Form Deprivation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Analysis of the effects of corneal and lens characteristics on peripheral defocus of the retina and its relationship with myopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optical and Visual Diet in Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Relative peripheral refraction with accommodation in 6- to 11-year-olds: baseline findings from the Stockholm Myopia Study.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Diversity of Peripheral Refraction Patterns-Have These Been Oversimplified?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Retinal "sweet spot" for myopia treatment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Ultra-wide-angle peripheral refraction using a laser-scanning instrument.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Impact of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Peripheral Refraction.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Chromatic cues for the sign of defocus in the peripheral retina.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Frequency-dependent effects of 0.05% atropine eyedrops on myopia progression and peripheral defocus: a prospective study.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Article
- Corneal Endothelial Morphology and Ocular Biometric Indexes in Premature Children With and Without Retinopathy of Prematurity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the role of peripheral refraction in children's myopization. Methods: This 2-year study included 214 children (8-15 years old). Refraction across the retina (field of view: 60° × 36°) was measured with a custom-made aberrometer every year. Three datasets were established: dataset 1, 214 subjects from baseline to the first-year visit; dataset 2, 152 subjects from baseline to the second-year visit; and dataset 3, 59 initial emmetropes from baseline to the second-year visit. The baseline refraction of different retina regions was correlated with the central myopic shift, and was compared among groups with different levels of myopic shift. Results: In datasets 1 and 2, the refraction distribution across the retina was significantly different among the subjects who were initially emmetropes but not among those who were initially hyperopic or myopic. Refraction in the central vertical retina, especially in the superior retina (r = -0.5, P < 0.001), was significantly correlated with the myopic shift for emmetropes in that subjects with more relative myopia in the superior retina manifested greater central myopic shifts. In dataset 3, 21 subjects remained emmetropic after 2 years, 15 subjects became myopic at the 1-year visit, and 23 subjects became myopic at the 2-year visit. No difference was found for the relative peripheral refraction in all of the peripheral regions between the stage prior to and after the onset of myopia. Conclusions: Relative myopic defocus in the superior retina could be a predictor of central myopia shift. Changes in relative peripheral refraction are more likely a consequence of myopia progression rather than a cause.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.