ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses associate with sex, age and disease severity in previously uninfected people admitted to hospital with COVID-19: An ISARIC4C prospective study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Longitudinal Exploratory Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Dynamics in Young Adults in Bogotá: Lessons from Natural Infection and Post-Vaccination Memory.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Viral shedding and symptom severity across populations during acute COVID in the ACTIV-2 study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Impact of Sex on Viral Shedding and Symptom Severity During Acute COVID-19.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Article
- Analysis of related factors of plasma antibody levels in patients with severe and critical COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Development of a pseudo-typed virus particle based method to determine the efficacy of virucidal agents.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Correlation between Clinical Characteristics and Antibody Levels in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donor Candidates.Viruses · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic enables the analysis of immune responses induced against a novel coronavirus infecting immunologically naïve individuals. This provides an opportunity for analysis of immune responses and associations with age, sex and disease severity. Here we measured an array of solid-phase binding antibody and viral neutralising Ab (nAb) responses in participants (n=337) of the ISARIC4C cohort and characterised their correlation with peak disease severity during acute infection and early convalescence. Overall, the responses in a Double Antigen Binding Assay (DABA) for antibody to the receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) correlated well with IgM as well as IgG responses against viral spike, S1 and nucleocapsid protein (NP) antigens. DABA reactivity also correlated with nAb. As we and others reported previously, there is greater risk of severe disease and death in older men, whilst the sex ratio was found to be equal within each severity grouping in younger people. In older males with severe disease (mean age 68 years), peak antibody levels were found to be delayed by one to two weeks compared with women, and nAb responses were delayed further. Additionally, we demonstrated that solid-phase binding antibody responses reached higher levels in males as measured
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