ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Immune checkpoints on T and NK cells in the context of HBV infection: Landscape, pathophysiology and therapeutic exploitation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis B reactivation in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Soluble B7-H6 as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Post-Hepatitis B Cirrhosis: A Clinical Value Study.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Harnessing CAR-NK cells against multiple myeloma: current landscape and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Breakthroughs in HBV-related HCC Therapy: The Unmatched Potential of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Immune Exhaustion in Chronic Infection and Cancer: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions.MedComm · 2026Review
- PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as part of combination strategies toward functional cure of chronic hepatitis B.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Single-cell analysis reveals distinct immune characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV-positive vs. HBV-negative cases.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- [Current status of research on the impairment of natural killer cell function caused by hepatitis B virus infection].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Differences in the intrahepatic expression of immune checkpoint molecules on T cells and natural killer cells in chronic HBV patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the interplay between the virus and the host immune system is crucial in determining the pathogenesis of the disease. Patients who fail to mount a sufficient and sustained anti-viral immune response develop chronic hepatitis B (CHB). T cells and natural killer (NK) cells play decisive role in viral clearance, but they are defective in chronic HBV infection. The activation of immune cells is tightly controlled by a combination of activating and inhibitory receptors, called immune checkpoints (ICs), allowing the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Chronic exposure to viral antigens and the subsequent dysregulation of ICs actively contribute to the exhaustion of effector cells and viral persistence. The present review aims to summarize the function of various ICs and their expression in T lymphocytes and NK cells in the course of HBV infection as well as the use of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting ICs in chronic HBV infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.