ArticleScientific reports2023
Differential effects of sex on tuberculosis location and severity across the lifespan.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiological, Spatial and Predictive Analysis of Tuberculosis-Related Mortality in the Department of Risaralda (Colombia), 2020-2024.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Observational
- Clinical spectrum of extrapulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care centre in Ghana: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comparative tuberculosis risk in healthcare and educational workers: occupational synergy.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Longitudinal Observation by Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients Treated with Ethambutol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Prognostic significance of inflammatory and nutritional indicators for treatment outcomes in untreated tuberculosis patients with hypertension.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and clinicodemographic features of microbiologically confirmed and presumptive extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a multicenter study.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Southern Caucasus: A Systematic Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Diagnostic yield of Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and Truenat MTB assays on non-pulmonary samples from suspected cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in The Netherlands, an epidemiologic overview, 1993-2022.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Sex-related absolute inequalities in tuberculosis incidence in 47 countries in Africa.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Comparative Insights into COVID-19 and Tuberculosis: Clinical Manifestations, Inflammatory Markers, and Outcomes in Pulmonary Versus Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis andJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Examining the efficacy of treatment outcomes for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Western China: A retrospective study in a region of high incidence.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Host Risk Factors for Tuberculosis.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Colliding Challenges Part 2: An Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Versus SARS-CoV-2 Infection Alone.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Advanced pulmonary tuberculosis in Alameda County: Ten-year incidence and risk factors.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024Article
- Distribution of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in CBNAAT samples received in a tertiary care hospital - A record-based study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Vitamin C and Tuberculosis: Examining the Relationship Between Antioxidant Defense and Disease Severity-Preliminary Findings from a Southwestern Romanian Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Genomic characteristics of prospectively sequencediScience · 2024Article
- Single Cell Analysis of Peripheral TB-Associated Granulomatous Lymphadenitis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Disparities exist between sexes regarding tuberculosis (TB) incidence, as well as disease severity and outcome. Using a nationwide TB registry database, we explored the impact of sex and age on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among all enrolled patients by (1) calculating the female proportion for every age category according to TB-affected locations, (2) calculating the proportions of EPTB stratified by sex according to age, (3) conducting multivariable analysis to examine the impact of sex and age on EPTB likelihood, and (4) assessing the odds of EPTB for female compared to male as reference in every age category. Further, we explored the impact of sex and age on disease severity among pulmonary TB (PTB) patients. Of all the TB patients, 40.1% were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.49. The proportion of females was lowest in their fifties, resembling a U-shape. The male-to-female ratios in PTB and EPTB were 1.67 and 1.03, respectively. Compared to men, women were significantly associated with EPTB in their forties, fifties, and sixties. Female patients with PTB had significantly lower odds of having cavitation and positive smear test results in their fifties. Significant differences were found concerning TB location and severity between sexes, especially during reproductive age.
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