Observational studyScientific reports2023
Sex and age affect acute and persisting COVID-19 illness.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Mental Health Outcomes After the Acute Phase of COVID-19: Factors Identified in a Korean Public Mental Health Service.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction in socioeconomically-vulnerable older adults: findings from a Brazilian cohort.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Characterizing Neuro-PASC outcome with the mobile Neuro-COVID recovery care companion application.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Beyond COVID-19 Infection: Cognitive and Emotional Pathways Between Posttraumatic Stress, Rumination, and Quality of Life in Hospitalized Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sex-related differences in the association between migraine, COVID-19, and long COVID: a population-based cohort.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Long COVID patients' brain activation is suppressed during walking and severer symptoms lead to stronger suppression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Development of a Model for Predicting Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 During Their Stay in a Clinical Centre.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among People with Spinal Cord Injury and Dysfunction in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dynamic changes of hematological and hemostatic parameters in COVID-19 hospitalized patients: Potential role as severity biomarkers for the Chilean population.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2024Article
- Iron dysregulation and inflammatory stress erythropoiesis associates with long-term outcome of COVID-19.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Altered brain function and structure pre- and post- COVID-19 infection: a longitudinal study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Altered metabolites in the periaqueductal gray of COVID-19 patients experiencing headaches: a longitudinal MRS study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long COVID is associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. We conducted an observational study on 97 patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and persisting cognitive complaints that presented to the University Health Network Memory Clinic between October 2020 and December 2021. We assessed the main effects of sex, age, and their interaction on COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes. We also examined the relative contribution of demographics and acute COVID-19 presentation (assessed retrospectively) on persistent neurological symptoms and cognition. Among our cohort, males had higher hospitalization rates than females during the acute COVID-19 illness (18/35 (51%) vs. 15/62 (24%); P = .009). Abnormal scores on cognitive assessments post-COVID were associated with older age (AOR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.93) and brain fog during initial illness (AOR = 8.80; 95% CI 1.76-65.13). Female sex (ARR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.09-1.87) and acute shortness of breath (ARR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.09-1.84) were associated with a higher risk of experiencing more persistent short-term memory symptoms. Female sex was the only predictor associated with persistent executive dysfunction (ARR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.12-1.76) and neurological symptoms (ARR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.19-2.36). Sex differences were evident in presentations and cognitive outcomes in patients with long COVID.
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