Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37055066›Full record

ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine2023

Contact patterns of UK home delivery drivers and their use of protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Jessica R E Bridgen, Hua Wei, Carl Whitfield, Yang Han, Ian Hall, Chris P Jewell, Martie J A van Tongeren, Jonathan M Read

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jessica R E BridgenCentre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5497-2700
Hua WeiSchool of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2617-7632
Carl WhitfieldImmunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Yang HanDepartment of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Ian HallDepartment of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Chris P JewellDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
Martie J A van TongerenAcademic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1205-1898
Jonathan M ReadCentre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK jonathan.read@lancaster.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-9697-0962

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_19083Medical Research Council MR/V038613/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo quantify contact patterns of UK home delivery drivers and identify protective measures adopted during the pandemic.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey to measure the interactions of 170 UK delivery drivers during a working shift between 7 December 2020 and 31 March 2021.

resultsDelivery drivers had a mean number of 71.6 (95% CI 61.0 to 84.1) customer contacts per shift and 15.0 (95% CI 11.2 to 19.2) depot contacts per shift. Maintaining physical distancing with customers was more common than at delivery depots. Prolonged contact (more than 5 min) with customers was reported by 5.4% of drivers on their last shift. We found 3.0% of drivers had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 since the start of the pandemic and 16.8% of drivers had self-isolated due to a suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19. In addition, 5.3% (95% CI 2.3% to 10.2%) of participants reported having worked while ill with COVID-19 symptoms, or with a member of their household having a suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19.

conclusionDelivery drivers had a large number of face-to-face customer and depot contacts per shift compared with other working adults during this time. However, transmission risk may be curtailed as contact with customers was of short duration. Most drivers were unable to maintain physical distance with customers and at depots at all times. Usage of protective items such as face masks and hand sanitiser was widespread.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdultCross-Sectional StudiesHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2United KingdomCOVID-19disease outbreaksepidemiologyoccupational healthviruses

Identifiers

PMID37055066
PMCPMC10314008

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.