ArticleJournal of endocrinological investigation2023
Ultrasound screening for thyroid nodules and cancer in individuals with family history of thyroid cancer: a micro-costing approach.
Article in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Narrative overview of possible preventive measures for differentiated thyroid carcinomas.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Burden of thyroid cancer in the older adult aged 60 and over from 1990 to 2021 and forecast of the situation in 2030.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeScreening programs that target healthy populations are an important tool for identifying unrecognized, asymptomatic disease. However, ultrasound screening for thyroid cancer has no obvious advantage in terms of cost-effectiveness in asymptomatic adults. There is far less consensus (and data) on the indications for screening in high-risk individuals. The aim of the study was to estimate the costs of ultrasound screening for individuals with first-degree family history of thyroid cancer.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cross-sectional study from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2018 in the Thyroid Cancer Outpatient Clinic of a large teaching hospital in Rome, Italy. We estimated the costs of an ultrasound screening protocol using the micro-costing bottom-up method.
resultsFor individuals without thyroid nodules, the screening examination had an estimated cost of €66.21 per screenee. For those found to have unsuspicious nodules, the estimated cost rose to €119.52 per screenee, owing to the addition of thyroid function tests. The estimated cost of screening for a subject with newly diagnosed nodules that were submitted to cytology was €259.89. The total cost of screening for the entire population of 1176 individuals was € 118,133.85. The total expenditure to confirm a single thyroid cancer diagnosis was €10,598.71.
conclusionA sonographic screening implies a significant direct expenditure and is likely to detect a very large number of individuals with benign nodules (more than 45 asymptomatic individuals are diagnosed with a thyroid nodule for each newly detected cancer case), whose long-term follow-up will further increase healthcare costs.
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