ReviewEndocrine connections2023
Diagnosis and testing for growth hormone deficiency across the ages: a global view of the accuracy, caveats, and cut-offs for diagnosis.
Review in Endocrine connections, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and safety of YPEG-rhGH in elderly subjects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Before and After Transsphenoidal Surgery for Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- Growth hormone deficiency in children: divergence between clinical/laboratory evaluation and genetic architecture.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Beyond insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) normalization: portal insulin and hepatic growth hormone (GH) sensitivity across metabolic disease.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Insulin Tolerance Test in Adult GH Deficiency: An Exploratory Study Deriving BMI-Dependent Cut-Offs Using a Clinical Reference Standard.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Variability in the management of healthy short youth following GH stimulation testing.Endocrines · 2026Article
- GH Stimulation testing is unnecessary in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease, preserved pituitary function, and IGF-I SDS ≥ 0.Pituitary · 2026Article
- Growth hormone retesting for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency during and after puberty: a systematic review.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- Nutritional Status of Children with Short Stature Is Oppositely Associated with Growth Hormone Peak in Stimulation Tests and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Concentration.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone Withdrawal in Mid-Puberty: No Impact on Near Adult Height in Adolescents With Transient Idiopathic GHD.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Predictors of Response to Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Fermented Oyster Extract Improves Linear Growth in Children with Idiopathic Short Stature: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Value of Peak-to-Basal Difference or Ratio of Growth Hormone in Children with Growth Hormone DeficiencyJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Obesity-Related Changes in Growth Hormone Stimulation Test Performance Under Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Proteoformics-driven new concept of human growth hormone in clinical endocrinology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Growth hormone therapy after hematopoietic cell transplantation in childhood: a nationwide survey and longitudinal cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Actions in the Brain and Neuropsychiatric Diseases.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Once-weekly Somatrogon in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency After Switching from Daily TherapyEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Impact of Nutrition on Somatotroph Axis: A Potential Role in Acromegaly and Its Cardiovascular Risk?Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a clinical syndrome that can manifest either as isolated or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficiencies. Although diminished height velocity and short stature are useful and important clinical markers to consider testing for GHD in children, the signs and symptoms of GHD are not always so apparent in adults. Quality of life and metabolic health are often impacted in patients with GHD; thus, making an accurate diagnosis is important so that appropriate growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy can be offered to these patients. Screening and testing for GHD require sound clinical judgment that follows after obtaining a complete medical history of patients with a hypothalamic-pituitary disorder and a thorough physical examination with specific features for each period of life, while targeted biochemical testing and imaging are required to confirm the diagnosis. Random measurements of serum GH levels are not recommended to screen for GHD (except in neonates) as endogenous GH secretion is episodic and pulsatile throughout the lifespan. One or more GH stimulation tests may be required, but existing methods of testing might be inaccurate, difficult to perform, and can be imprecise. Furthermore, there are multiple caveats when interpreting test results including individual patient factors, differences in peak GH cut-offs (by age and test), testing time points, and heterogeneity of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 assays. In this article, we provide a global overview of the accuracy and cut-offs for diagnosis of GHD in children and adults and discuss the caveats in conducting and interpreting these tests.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.