ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2023
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cold exposure and cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Building the model: a review of input structures in extreme temperature-health.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Pooled it
- Associations between sunshine and influenza or influenza-like illness, a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of biometeorology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Climate, Air Quality and Their Contribution to Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Global heart · 2025Pooled it
- Lack of guidelines for cold exposure among vulnerable outdoor workers.International journal of circumpolar health · 2026Review
- Review
- Seasonal variation in outcomes of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: A retrospective cohort study.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Regional impact of extreme temperatures on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Thailand: cold wave burden across diverse tropical climate zones.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Cardio-Oncology in Cold Climates: Epidemiological Features, Bidirectional Interaction Mechanisms, and Integrated Management Strategies.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Ambient cold exposure and myocardial infarction risk in Tianjin, China: a distributed lag non-linear analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Environmental Exposures and Stroke Risk: Converging Pathways, Unequal Burdens, and Prevention Opportunities.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Joint effects of PMScientific reports · 2026Article
- Seasonality of Selected Cardiovascular Disorders in Austria: A Retrospective Observational Study Between 2009 and 2023.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Air temperature and all-cause emergency hospital admissions in people with and without diabetes in Germany (2005-2022): a time-series analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Associations between non-optimum temperatures and cardiovascular hospital admissions and effect modification by ambient particulate air pollution: a two-stage time-series study in China.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- MiR-499-5P/PACS2/TRPV1 Axis Maintains Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Left Ventricular Function after Extreme Cold Stress.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Article
- Temperature-related indicators and risk of incident cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal cohort study from CHARLS.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Opposite Association Between Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature With Central Obesity in Different Geographic Regions in Taiwan.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Joint association of cumulative workplace environmental exposures and shift work with long-term work-limiting health conditions: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Cold exposure and human metabolism: A heterogeneous response across tissues and organs.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cold exposure has been considered an essential risk factor for the global disease burden, while its role in cardiovascular diseases is still underappreciated. The increase in frequency and duration of extreme cold weather events like cold spells makes it an urgent task to evaluate the effects of ambient cold on different types of cardiovascular disease and to understand the factors contributing to the population's vulnerability. Methods: In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. We included original research that explored the association between cold exposure (low temperature and cold spell) and cardiovascular disease outcomes (mortality and morbidity). We did a random-effects meta-analysis to pool the relative risk (RR) of the association between a 1°C decrease in temperature or cold spells and cardiovascular disease outcomes. Results: In total, we included 159 studies in the meta-analysis. As a result, every 1°C decrease in temperature increased cardiovascular disease-related mortality by 1.6% (RR 1.016; [95% CI 1.015-1.018]) and morbidity by 1.2% (RR 1.012; [95% CI 1.010-1.014]). The most pronounced effects of low temperatures were observed in the mortality of coronary heart disease (RR 1.015; [95% CI 1.011-1.019]) and the morbidity of aortic aneurysm and dissection (RR 1.026; [95% CI 1.021-1.031]), while the effects were not significant in hypertensive disease outcomes. Notably, we identified climate zone, country income level and age as crucial influential factors in the impact of ambient cold exposure on cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the impact of cold spells on cardiovascular disease outcomes is significant, which increased mortality by 32.4% (RR 1.324; [95% CI 1.2341.421]) and morbidity by 13.8% (RR 1.138; [95% CI 1.015-1.276]). Conclusion: Cold exposure could be a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and the cold effect varies between disease types and climate zones. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42022347247.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.