Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37049585›Full record

ReviewNutrients2023

Do Food and Nutrition Policies in Ethiopia Support the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases through Population-Level Salt Reduction Measures? A Policy Content Analysis.

Dejen Yemane Tekle, Emalie Rosewarne, Joseph Alvin Santos, Kathy Trieu, Kent Buse, Aliyah Palu, Anne Marie Thow, Stephen Jan, Jacqui Webster

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Dejen Yemane TekleThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.
Emalie RosewarneThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5748-3953
Joseph Alvin SantosThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.
Kathy TrieuThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1848-2741
Kent BuseThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-5485-0110
Aliyah PaluThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.
Anne Marie ThowMenzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Stephen JanThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.
Jacqui WebsterThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3513-3340

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDespite the importance of salt reduction to health outcomes, relevant policy adoption in Ethiopia has been slow, and dietary consumption of sodium remains relatively high.

aimThis analysis aims to understand the content and context of existing food-related policy, strategy, and guideline documents to identify gaps and potential opportunities for salt reduction in Ethiopia in the wider context of global evidence-informed best practice nutrition policy.

methodsPolicy documents relevant to food and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), published between 2010 and December 2021, were identified through searches of government websites supplemented with experts' advice. Documentary analysis was conducted drawing on the 'policy cube' which incorporates three dimensions: (i) comprehensiveness of policy measures, which for this study included the extent to which the policy addressed the food-related WHO "Best Buys" for the prevention of NCDs; (ii) policy salience and implementation potential; and (iii) equity (including gender) and human rights orientation.

resultsThirty-two policy documents were retrieved from government ministries, of which 18 were deemed eligible for inclusion. A quarter of these documents address diet-related "Best Buys" through the promotion of healthy nutrition and decreasing consumption of excess sodium, sugar, saturated fat, and trans-fats. The remainder focuses on maternal and child health and micronutrient deficiencies. All documents lack detail relating to budget, monitoring and evaluation, equity, and rights.

conclusionsThis review demonstrates that the Government of Ethiopia has established policy frameworks highlighting its intention to address NCDs, but that there is an opportunity to strengthen these frameworks to improve the implementation of salt reduction programs. This includes a more holistic approach, enhanced clarification of implementation responsibilities, stipulation of budgetary allocations, and promoting a greater focus on inequities in exposure to nutrition interventions across population groups. While the analysis has identified gaps in the policy frameworks, further qualitative research is needed to understand why these gaps exist and to identify ways to fill these gaps.

Indexed as

Noncommunicable DiseasesChildEthiopiaHealth PolicyHumansNutrition PolicyPolicy MakingSodiumSodium ChlorideSodium Chloride, DietarySodiumSodium ChlorideSodium Chloride, Dietarydocumentary analysisnoncommunicable diseasespolicy analysispolicy cubesalt reduction

Identifiers

PMID37049585
PMCPMC10096844

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.