ArticleNutrients2023
Bioimpedance Patterns and Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) of Body Builders.
Article in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human bioimpedance-based state detection technologies for sports health monitoring: a review.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Segmental fat-free mass and lean soft mass: a comparative study with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry and development of anthropometric prediction models.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Article
- Reference Tolerance Ellipses in Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis Across General, Pediatric, Pathological, and Athletic Populations: A Scoping Review.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Review
- A Holistic Approach to Metabolic Health Assessment-Analysis of Bioimpedance, Blood, and Saliva Biochemistry in Population Studies-A Pilot Study.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Hydration Strategies and Body Composition Differences in Male and Female Elite Bodybuilders During Competition.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Application of Levi's Muscle Index in frailty assessment: comparison of bioimpedance measures among older adults.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Somatotype and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis of Italian CrossFit® practitioners.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Assessing skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass: an analysis of the agreement among dual X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry, and bioelectrical impedance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Validity and agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance in the estimation of fat mass in young adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Morphological Characteristics of Elite International Soccer Referees: Somatotype and Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bodybuilders are athletes characterized by high muscle mass. During competitions, the evaluation is performed based on aesthetic parameters. The study aims to provide normative references of body composition with the vector bioimpedance methodology (BIVA). A second aim is to compare BIVA assessments performed on both sides and the upper and lower body. A group of 68 elite bodybuilders (41 males aged 30.1 ± 9.2 years and 27 females aged 32.1 ± 8.0 years) was enrolled. A BIVA assessment was performed the day before the 2021 World Natural Bodybuilding Federation Italian Championships. As a result, male and female bodybuilders ranked to the left in the BIVA ellipse relative to the general population. Furthermore, unlike females, males also ranked lower than the general athletic population. In addition, in the symmetry assessment, males show a significantly greater upper body than the lower, right, and left parts, while in women, this is observed for the lower part of the body. The differences in the results obtained between males and females can be attributed to the different patterns of endocrine production between the sexes and the different criteria used by the juries to attribute the final score during the competitions. Therefore, BIVA references in bodybuilders could help adjust the training and nutritional program during the peak week before a competition.
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