ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2023
Patterns of Infections among Extremely Preterm Infants.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sepsis and Antibiotics in Extremely Preterm Infants: Early Empirical Treatment Was Common, While Late-Onset Sepsis Accounted for Most Cases and Antibiotic Use.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Preterm Children in Iceland: Neonatal Morbidities and Motor Development in the First Two Years, and Later Disability Diagnosis.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Trends and Interhospital Variability of NICU Bloodstream Infections in Korea.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Multisystem COVID-19 in an Ex-22 Week Extremely Preterm Infant With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - A Case Report.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Article
- Survival without major morbidity in extremely preterm infants: a prospective multicenter study in Shenzhen, China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The impact of AMniotic FluId on the development and microBIal colonization of the prEterm intestinal tract (AMFIBIE): study protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic mortality signature defines high-risk neonatal sepsis endotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Attenuation of acute kidney injury in a murine model of neonatalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infections remain a leading cause of neonatal death, especially among the extremely preterm infants. To evaluate the incidence, pathogenesis, and in-hospital outcomes associated with sepsis among hospitalized extremely preterm infants born at 24-0/7 to 27-6/7 weeks of gestation, we designed a post hoc analysis of data collected prospectively during the Preterm Epo Neuroprotection (PENUT) Trial, NCT #01378273. We analyzed culture positive infection data, as well as type and duration of antibiotic course and described their association with in-hospital morbidities and mortality. Of 936 included infants, 229 (24%) had at least one positive blood culture during their hospitalization. Early onset sepsis (EOS, ≤3 days after birth) occurred in 6% of the infants, with Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Escherichia Coli the most frequent pathogens. Late onset sepsis (LOS, >day 3) occurred in 20% of the infants. Nearly all infants were treated with antibiotics for presumed sepsis at least once during their hospitalization. The risk of confirmed or presumed EOS was lower with increasing birthweight. Confirmed EOS had no significant association with in-hospital outcomes or death while LOS was associated with increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and death. Extremely premature infants with presumed sepsis as compared to culture positive sepsis had lower rates of morbidities. In conclusion, the use of antibiotics for presumed sepsis remains much higher than confirmed infection rates. Ongoing work exploring antibiotic stewardship and presumed, culture-negative sepsis in extremely preterm infants is needed.
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Registered trials
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