Community Organising Frameworks, Models, and Processes to Improve Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Community involvement engages, empowers, and mobilises people to achieve their shared goals by addressing structural inequalities in the social and built environment. Through this review, we summarised published information on models, frameworks, and/or processes of community organising used in the context of health initiatives or interventions and documented the outcomes following their use. A systematic scoping review was conducted in three databases with no restrictions on the date of publication, country, or written language. Out of 5044 studies, 38 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The targeted health outcomes explored by the studies were diverse and included sub-domains such as the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, sexual and reproductive health, access to healthcare and equity, and substance abuse and chronic disease management. The outcomes of most initiatives or interventions were promising, with positive changes reported for the target populations. A wide variation was noted in the models, frameworks, or processes of community organising utilised in these studies. We concluded that variation implies that no single model, framework, or process seems to have predominance over others in implementing community organising as a vehicle of positive social change within the health domain. The review also highlighted the need for a more standardised approach to the implementation and evaluation of these initiatives. We recommend that it is essential to foster public and non-governmental sector partnerships to promote community-driven health promotion efforts for a more sustainable approach to these initiatives.