ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Prospective Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in COVID-19: Prognosis, Therapeutic and Management.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors decrease mortality in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Tumor necrosis factor-α polymorphism and risk of primary nephrotic syndrome: A case-control study and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Indole-3-Carbinol Against SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Dual Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Approach in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Released by Picornavirus-Infected Cells Modify Antiviral Immune Cell Responses.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Risk Stratification in Pulmonary Embolism: The Expanding Role of Biomarkers.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Blood Coagulation in COVID-19: Systems-Biology Evidence, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Opportunities in an Evolving Pandemic.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Immunosenescence and cytomegalovirus-associated immune signatures on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 booster responses.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- In vitro evaluation of Limosilactobacillus and Enterococcus isolates for inhibitory activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Diagnostic and immunological roles of leptin gene rs7799039 polymorphism and cytokines in COVID-19, HCV, and dual infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A distinct monocyte transcriptional state links systemic immune dysregulation to pulmonary impairment in long COVID.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the cardiopulmonary effects of repurposed COVID-19 therapeutics in healthy rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The many faces of cytokine storm syndrome: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications for a better patient management.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Association of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-α With Severe Pediatric COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.Biomarker insights · 2026Article
- Article
- Principal component analysis of cytokine signature in COVID-19 and Long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the cardiovascular burden of long COVID: symptom profiles, underlying mechanisms, and clinical management insights.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 innate immune recognition and implications for respiratory health.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
- Comprehensive metabolomics combined with machine learning for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses directly from upper respiratory samples.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Role of the QuantiFERON-Monitor in Assessing the Immune Status of Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure in Adult Intensive Care Units: A Prospective, Observational Study.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a worldwide concern at the beginning of 2020 and has affected millions. Several previous studies revealed the impact of the imbalanced innate immune response on the progression of COVID-19 and its disease outcomes. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins are produced readily by innate immune cells to fight Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Nonetheless, cytokine-mediated inflammatory events are also linked to detrimental lung injury and respiratory failure, which can result in deaths among COVID-19 patients. TNF-α is amongst the early cytokines produced to mediate proinflammatory responses and enhance immune cell infiltration in response to SARS-CoV-2 infections. In COVID-19, TNF-α-mediated inflammation can cause detrimental tissue damage and gradually promotes lung fibrosis, which later results in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review, therefore, aims to deliberate the immunomodulatory roles of TNF-α in promoting inflammation and its relation with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. In addition, this review also proposes the potential of TNF-α as a biomarker for the prognosis of severe COVID-19 and its related complications and as a molecular target for anti-TNF-α therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.