Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37046630›Full record

ArticleCancers2023

Empirical Study of Overfitting in Deep Learning for Predicting Breast Cancer Metastasis.

Chuhan Xu, Pablo Coen-Pirani, Xia Jiang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Degenerative cervical myelopathy diagnosis: applicability of artificial intelligence-enhanced modalities in a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Chuhan XuDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA.
Pablo Coen-PiraniDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA.
Xia JiangDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA.

Funding

United States Department of Defense W81XWH1910495
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Overfitting may affect the accuracy of predicting future data because of weakened generalization. In this research, we used an electronic health records (EHR) dataset concerning breast cancer metastasis to study the overfitting of deep feedforward neural networks (FNNs) prediction models. We studied how each hyperparameter and some of the interesting pairs of hyperparameters were interacting to influence the model performance and overfitting. The 11 hyperparameters we studied were activate function, weight initializer, number of hidden layers, learning rate, momentum, decay, dropout rate, batch size, epochs, L1, and L2. Our results show that most of the single hyperparameters are either negatively or positively corrected with model prediction performance and overfitting. In particular, we found that overfitting overall tends to negatively correlate with learning rate, decay, batch size, and L2, but tends to positively correlate with momentum, epochs, and L1. According to our results, learning rate, decay, and batch size may have a more significant impact on both overfitting and prediction performance than most of the other hyperparameters, including L1, L2, and dropout rate, which were designed for minimizing overfitting. We also find some interesting interacting pairs of hyperparameters such as learning rate and momentum, learning rate and decay, and batch size and epochs.

Indexed as

activate functionbatch sizebreast cancerdeep learningdropout rateiteration-based decayL1L2learning ratemetastasismodelingmomentum betanetwork structureoverfittingtraining epochsweight initializers

Identifiers

PMID37046630
PMCPMC10093528

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.