ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Myocarditis: A Review of Reported Clinical Cases.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Troponin for surveillance of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis and post-therapy cardiovascular risk stratification: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in combination of locoregional therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with myositis and/or myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: A case series.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Role of Troponins in CardioOncology.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with atrioventricular conduction abnormalities: a case report.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Perioperative immunotherapy in resectable HNSCC: biological rationale to practical multidisciplinary implementation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Systemic therapy for advanced thymic epithelial tumors: a narrative review of current evidence and perspectives.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Review
- From tumor immunotherapy to myocardial injury: A mechanistic discussion of immune checkpoint inhibitor‑related myocarditis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- A review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and biomarkers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Delayed-Onset ICI-Associated Myocarditis: When Immunotherapy's Cardiac Consequences Outlast Treatment.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of pembrolizumab induced myocarditis.Investigational new drugs · 2025Article
- Systemic Therapy for Melanoma: What Surgeons Need to Know.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Predicting 30-Day Cardiotoxicity in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Observational Study Utilizing XGBoost.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Observational
- Review
- Functional diversity of cardiac macrophages in health and disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myocarditis associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a rare manifestation of their cardiotoxicity, but is characterized by a high mortality rate. A literature search was conducted using PubMed using keywords, which resulted in the selection of 679 scientific works, from which 160 articles that described 244 clinical cases were selected. The median age of the patients was 67 years (IQR, 60-74). The median time from the start of ICI therapy to the development of the first adverse symptoms was 21 days (IQR, 14-38.3). In 37% of cases, myocarditis developed after the first administration of ICI. Cardiac symptoms were present in 47.1% of cases, neuromuscular symptoms in 30.3%, and other symptoms in 12.6%, while myocarditis was asymptomatic in 10.1% of cases. New changes in the electrocardiograms were detected in 85.1% of patients compared to the initial data. A high incidence of complete atrioventricular block (25.4%), right bundle branch block (18.4%), ventricular tachycardia (13%), and sinus tachycardia (12%) were noted. In 97% of the cases, the patients received prednisolone or methylprednisolone therapy. When using ICI, special attention should be paid to the early detection of possible cardiotoxicity by analyzing the condition and function of the myocardium before treatment and its dynamics.
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