SynthesisPloS one2023
Understanding the barriers and facilitators of vaccine hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers and healthcare students worldwide: An Umbrella Review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors ınfluencing vaccine refusal in children: an umbrella review on COVID-19 and childhood vaccinations.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Vaccine equity in Africa: a rapid review of policy, legal and governance frameworks to improve research and development.Frontiers in health services · 2026Pooled it
- Tailored vs. General COVID-19 prevention for adults with mental disabilities residing in group homes: a randomized controlled effectiveness-implementation trial.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Evolutionarily Optimal Risk Aversion.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- The Impact of Social Media Addiction on Vaccine Hesitancy Among Nursing Students: Testing an Empirical Model.Nursing open · 2026Observational
- Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Vaccination Willingness Toward Mpox (Monkeypox) Among Chinese Medical Students: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Associations between susceptibility to online health misinformation, health risk behaviors and vaccine hesitancy among nursing students in Greece.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Scoping review of COVID-19 vaccines access, equity, hesitancy, and uptake in Kenya: lessons for the next pandemic.Frontiers in health services · 2026Review
- Article
- Economic Incentives for COVID-19 Vaccination Among Employees of a Safety-Net Health System and Medical Center in Southern California: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Exploring healthcare workers' perspectives: A comprehensive mixed-method investigation of knowledge, belief, and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccination in Madhya Pradesh, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Predictors of vaccine hesitancy among medical students at the University of Belgrade.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Resilience, perceived control, and intention to receive additional vaccines for COVID-19 among healthcare university students: Mediating role of knowledge of vaccine and infection-preventive behaviors.Japan journal of nursing science : JJNS · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination in Canadian Dental Schools.Journal of public health dentistry · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic and Occupational Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine and Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Healthcare Workers, in Albania, 2022-2023: A Multicenter Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Students Regarding Vaccination and Vaccine Hesitancy in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Vaccine Attitudes, Knowledge, and Confidence Among Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, and Midwifery Undergraduate Students in Italy.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Using Large Language Models to Assess Burnout Among Health Care Workers in the Context of COVID-19 Vaccine Decisions and Health Beliefs: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR nursing · 2025Article
- Identifying patterns and profiles of vaccination hesitancy among nurses for tailoring healthcare policies in the UK: A cross-sectional study.International nursing review · 2025Observational
- Is Vaccine Uptake Related to Health Literacy? A Representative Survey in the Multilingual Region of South Tyrol, Italy.Vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) and healthcare students display high levels of vaccine hesitancy with impact on healthcare provision, patient safety, and health promotion. The factors related to vaccine hesitancy have been reported in several systematic reviews. However, this evidence needs to be synthesised, as interventions to reduce vaccination hesitancy in this population are needed.
methodsThis Umbrella Review aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of vaccine hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine for HCWs and healthcare students. The review was performed and reported in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institutes guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42022327354). Eight databases were searched from November 2019 to 23rd May 2022 to identify any systematic reviews that explored factors associated with hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine for HCWs or healthcare students.
resultsA total of 31 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies (71%) were appraised as strong or moderate quality and there was a slight degree of overlap (<5%) of primary studies between the reviews. Vaccine hesitancy was more common among HCWs and healthcare students in specific occupational roles (e.g. nurses) than others (e.g. physicians). Frequent reasons for hesitancy were related to sociodemographic factors (gender, age, ethnicity), occupational factors (COVID-19 exposure, perceived risk, mandatory vaccination), health factors (vaccination history), vaccine-related factors (concerns about safety, efficacy, side-effects, rapid development, testing, approval and distribution of the vaccine), social factors (social pressure, altruism and collective responsibility), distrust factors (key social actors, pandemic management), information factors (inadequate information and sources, exposure to misinformation).
conclusionThe results from this Umbrella Review have wide-reaching implications for the research area, healthcare systems and institutions and governments worldwide. Designing tailored strategies for specific occupational groups is pivotal to increasing vaccine uptake and securing a safe healthcare provision worldwide.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.