ArticleJournal of gastroenterology2023
The clonal heterogeneity of colon cancer with liver metastases.
Article in Journal of gastroenterology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The colorectal liver metastasis growth pattern phenotype is not dependent on genotype.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Integration of multi-omics approaches in exploring intra-tumoral heterogeneity.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Metastatic hepatic carcinoma: Mechanisms, emerging therapeutics, and future perspectives.iScience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundColon cancer with liver metastases (CCLM) characterized by genetic heterogeneity is an evolutionary process leading to variations in response to selective pressure, but the underlying evolutionary models still remains unclear.
methodsTotal of 30 samples, including primary tumor and two to four matched liver metastases from 8 treatment-naïve patients with CCLM were collected, and subjected to whole-exome DNA sequencing. PyClone was used to calculate intra and inter-tumor heterogeneity, LICHeE was used to reconstruct the cancer phylogeny trees and investigate the subclonal composition.
resultsThe genetic differences were observed between primary and metastatic lesions, as well as among multiple metastases in all patients. The natural history models of colorectal cancer in each case were identified, including parallel, linear, and branching evolution. Liver metastases could originate from primary lesions or other metastases. Pathway and process enrichment analysis also showed obvious heterogeneity and enhancement of several molecular functions.
conclusionsOur data reveal the genetic and heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesions, as well as among multiple metastases and provide genomic evidence for clonal heterogeneity for CCLM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.