ArticleBMC psychology2023
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, anxiety, and depression.
Article in BMC psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Towards causal inference-based antidepressant selection with brain and blood biomarkers.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Article
- Systems Biology and Structure-Based In Silico Evaluations of Quercetin-Psychobiotic Interactions for the Management of Depression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Impact of Psychobiotic Therapy on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Religiosity, Burnout, Depression, and Anxiety in a University Setting During COVID-19 in the USA: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- The global burden of mental and substance use disorders among adolescents and young adults.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Burnout Syndrome Predictors in Nursing Professionals During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Major depressive disorder attributed to intimate partner violence against women in North Africa and the Middle East: Global Burden of Disease Study.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Evolving language of pediatric anxiety in electronic health records.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- Analysis of COVID-19-Related Influencing Variables and Post-Traumatic Growth Differences Depending on the Type of Depressive Symptoms Using Latent Profile Analysis.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression after COVID-19.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2026Article
- Exploring Psychosocial Stressors, Exam Performance, and Grit Among Preclinical Medical Students.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
- Observational
- Progress and challenges in exploring the pathogenesis of depressive disorders via RNA sequencing.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- How people evaluate anti-corona measures II-Lessons for future crises from a longitudinal study and qualitative analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Examination of Patient and Provider Satisfaction, Benefits, and Challenges with Psychiatric Outpatient and Hospital-Based Telehealth Treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
- Practitioner Perspectives on the Uses of Generative AI Chatbots in Mental Health Care: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR human factors · 2025Article
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) Downregulation During Coronavirus Infection.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Excess and reduced work absence during COVID-19 in Poland: insights from cause-specific time-series models.Population health metrics · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone around the globe. Depending on the country, there have been different restrictive epidemiologic measures and also different long-term repercussions. Morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 affected the mental state of every human being. However, social separation and isolation due to the restrictive measures considerably increased this impact. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anxiety and depression prevalence increased by 25% globally. In this study, we aimed to examine the lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population.
methodsA cross-sectional study using an anonymous online-based 45-question online survey was conducted at Comenius University in Bratislava. The questionnaire comprised five general questions and two assessment tools the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The results of the Self-Rating Scales were statistically examined in association with sex, age, and level of education.
resultsA total of 205 anonymous subjects participated in this study, and no responses were excluded. In the study group, 78 (38.05%) participants were male, and 127 (61.69%) were female. A higher tendency to anxiety was exhibited by female participants (p = 0.012) and the age group under 30 years of age (p = 0.042). The level of education has been identified as a significant factor for changes in mental state, as participants with higher levels of education tended to be in a worse mental state (p = 0.006).
conclusionsSummarizing two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental state of people with higher levels of education tended to feel worse, while females and younger adults felt more anxiety.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.