ArticleLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids2023
Empty and Full AAV Capsid Charge and Hydrophobicity Differences Measured with Single-Particle AFM.
Article in Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probing the Capsid: pH-Driven Gating at the AAV 5-Fold Pore and Its Role in Peptide Ligand Binding.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Ring-Electrode AC Plasmonic Nanopore Sensing for DNA Load Characterization of Single Adeno-Associated Viruses.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gene therapy for liver diseases: methods, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Optimization and scale up strategies for reproducible AAV enrichment step on CIMmultusGene therapy · 2026Article
- Physical Changes of Biomacromolecules upon Covalent Surface Immobilization.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026Article
- Role of viral protein ratio in the structure and separation of empty and full adeno-associated virus capsids: A molecular dynamics study.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Using atomic force microscopy for physical virology: touching and manipulating single virus particles.Biophysical reviews · 2026Review
- AAV Capsid Modification and Its Influence on Viral Protein Stoichiometry and Packaging Fitness: Current Understandings and Future Direction.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Tunable retention and recovery via pore-to-particle interactions in amine functionalized micro- and ultrafiltration Membranes: Towards scalable viral vector purification.Journal of membrane science · 2026Article
- The amazing AAV capsids: Into the structure-verse.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- Plasmonic Nanopore Sensing to Probe the DNA Loading Status of Adeno-Associated Viruses.Chemosensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- M/G-Ratio-Tuned Calcium Alginate Hydrogel Microcarrier for Controlled Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus for Gene Therapy.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2025Article
- Development of an HEK293 Suspension Cell Culture Medium, Transient Transfection Optimization Workflow, and Analytics for Batch rAAV Manufacturing.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2025Article
- Chromatography in Downstream Processing of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viruses: A Review of Current and Future Practises.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2025Review
- Consecutive Affinity and Ion-Exchange Chromatography for AAV9 Vectors Purification.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Structural Changes Likely Cause Chemical Differences between Empty and Full AAV Capsids.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Application and Structural Features of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- DNA Released by Adeno-Associated Virus Strongly Alters Capsid Aggregation Kinetics in a Physiological Solution.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is showing promise as a therapy for diseases that contain a single-gene deletion or mutation. One major scale-up challenge is the removal of empty or non-gene of interest containing AAV capsids. Analytically, the empty capsids can be separated from full capsids using anion exchange chromatography. However, when scaled up to manufacturing, the minute changes in conductivity are difficult to consistently obtain. To better understand the differences in the empty and full AAV capsids, we have developed a single-particle atomic force microscopy (AFM) method to measure the differences in the charge and hydrophobicity of AAV capsids at the single-particle level. The atomic force microscope tip was functionalized with either a charged or a hydrophobic molecule, and the adhesion force between the functionalized atomic force microscope tip and the virus was measured. We measured a change in the charge and hydrophobicity between empty and full AAV2 and AAV8 capsids. The charge and hydrophobicity differences between AAV2 and AAV8 are related to the distribution of charge on the surface and not the total charge. We propose that the presence of nucleic acids inside the capsid causes minor but measurable changes in the capsid structure that lead to measurable surface changes in charge and hydrophobicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.