ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2023
Evaluation of GREM1 and THBS2 as prognostic markers in in non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroprotective Role of THBS2 in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Via its Anti-neuroinflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Properties.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Down-regulation of THBS2 inhibits the malignant progression of Burkitt lymphoma by blocking the PI3K/AKT/c-MYC pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Identification ofCancers · 2025Article
- CAF-derived exosomes drive the FGF4/SHH feedback loop by encapsulating GREM1 in non-small cell lung cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The Role of GREMLIN1, a Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist, in Cancer Stem Cell Regulation.Cells · 2025Review
- Gremlin1: a BMP antagonist with therapeutic potential in Oncology.Investigational new drugs · 2024Review
- Insight into the Role of the miR-584 Family in Human Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Serum THBS2 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Systematic analysis of integrated bioinformatics to identify upregulated THBS2 expression in colorectal cancer cells inhibiting tumour immunity through the HIF1A/Lactic Acid/GPR132 pathway.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Pan-cancer multi-omics analysis to identify the potential pro-oncogenic properties of GREM1 as a promising targets for cancer prognosis and therapeutics.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo analyze the correlation between bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist Gremlin 1 (GREM1), Thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) and immune cell infiltration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the related clinical significance.
methodsA total of 150 NSCLC patients admitted to our hospital during May 2019-January 2022 were picked. The expression of GREM1 and THBS2 and the infiltration of immune cells in tumor tissues were detected through immunohistochemistry (IHC). These objects were graded as GREM1-positive group (n = 97), GREM1-negative group (n = 53), THBS2-positive group (n = 102) and THBS2-negative group (n = 48) according to the expression of GREM1 and THBS2. The correlation between the expression of GREM1 and THBS2 with immune cell infiltration and clinicopathological indicators was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was adopted to analyze the relationship between the expression of GREM1 and THBS2 and the prognosis in NSCLC tissues. The overall progression-free survival (PFS) of the two groups were compared by log-rank test.
resultsThe results of IHC showed that the positive expression rate of GREM1 was 64.67% (97/150) in cancer tissues and 36.00% (54/150) in adjacent tissues. The positive expression rate of THBS2 was 68.00% (102/150) in cancer tissues and 25.33% (38/150) in adjacent tissues. The positive expression rate of GREM1 and THBS2 in cancer tissues was both much higher than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.01). GREM1-positive group had much higher proportion of tumor diameter ≥ 2 cm, stage III-IV and lymph-node metastasis than GREM1-negative group (P < 0.05). THBS2-positive group had markedly higher proportion of tumor diameter ≥ 2 cm, stage III-IV, lymph-node metastasis and high differentiation than THBS2-negative group (P < 0.01). GREM1-positive group had much higher level of CD3 + T, and sharply lower level of CD8 + T and CD11c + DCs than GREM1-negative group (P < 0.01). THBS2-positive group had much higher level of CD3 + T, and sharply lower level of CD8 + T and CD11c + DCs than THBS2-negative group (P < 0.01). According to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.45 months. Log-rank test showed that NSCLC patients with positive GREM1 and THBS2 had much shorter PFS than negative patients (P < 0.01). Log-rank test showed that the expression of GREM1 and THBS2 was related to the PFS of patients (P < 0.01).
conclusionGREM1 and THBS2 were highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and acted as pro-oncogenes in the development and progression of NSCLC, which aggravated the disease by mediating immune cell infiltration.
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