Observational studyInternational dental journal2023
Peri-Implant Inflammation in Waterpipe Users and Cigarette Smokers: An Observational Study.
Observational study in International dental journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dental Implants Placed in Grafted and Non-Grafted Sites: A Systematic Review.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Pooled it
- Apical bone coverage and implant survival after lateral sinus floor elevation: a retrospective study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Periodontal and Peri-Implant Status Among Users of Different Inhaled Tobacco and Nicotine Products: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Divergent Patient-Reported Outcomes to Periodontal Therapy: A Prospective Study of Gingivitis Subtypes.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Evaluation of peri-implant health and whole salivary cortisol levels in adults with mental health disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Correlation between periodontal status, whole salivary interleukin-1beta levels and oral yeasts carriage among individuals with varying ranges of body mass index.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- The Effect of Patient-related Factors Age, Sex, Implant Location, and Periodontitis on Crestal Bone Loss in the Posterior Ridge: A Retrospective Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Periodontal Clinicoradiographic Status and Whol Salivary Prostaglandin E2 Levels among Users of Water Pipe and Cigarettes.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Article
- The Impact of Cigarette Smoking, Waterpipe Smoking, and E-Cigarette Vaping on Peri-Implant Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Markers: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of oral & maxillofacial researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to compare peri-implant clinical and radiographic status and levels of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) in waterpipe users and cigarette smokers.
methodsWaterpipe users, cigarette smokers, and never smokers were included. Demographic details were collected using a questionnaire. Characteristics of implants (dimensions, jaw location, depth of placement, insertion torque, and duration in function) were recorded. Peri-implant modified plaque and gingival indices (mPI and mGI), probing depth (PD), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded in all groups. Volume of PISF and levels of AGEs were determined using standard techniques. Sample-size estimation was done on data from a pilot investigation, and correlation between clinicoradiographic and immunoinflammatory parameters was assessed using logistic regression models. Probability values <.05 were considered statistically significant.
resultsIn all, 25, 25, and 24 cigarette smokers, never smokers, and waterpipe users, respectively, were examined. All participants were male and had comparable mean ages. Cigarette smokers and waterpipe users had a smoking history of 20.2 ± 3.5 years and 18.8 ± 0.6 years, respectively. The mPI (P < .01), CBL (P < .01), PD (P < 0.01), and mGI (P < .01) were significantly higher in cigarette smokers and waterpipe users than never smokers. There was no significant difference in clinicoradiographic status and AGE concentrations in waterpipe users and cigarette smokers. A statistically significant correlation was recorded between AGEs and PD in cigarette smokers (P < .01) and waterpipe users (P < .01).
conclusionsWaterpipe usage is not less hazardous to peri-implant tissue health than conventional cigarette smoking. It is imperative to caution patients with dental implants about the detrimental effects of tobacco products on oral health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.