ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Heterogeneity of depression across the socioeconomic spectrum.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Family Environmental Risk and Perceived Stress in Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Network Analysis.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Depressive symptoms during the transition to adolescence: Left hippocampal volume as a marker of social context sensitivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and depression level in older adults: the mediating role of adult socioeconomic status and subjective well-being.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Progressive muscle relaxation in pandemic times: bolstering medical student resilience through IPRMP and Gagne's model.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older people in China and associations with chronic diseases.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Factors in Brain Research: Increasing Sample Representativeness with Portable MRI.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Why is lower socioeconomic status associated with higher rates of depression? And, is the surplus of depression at lower SES just more of the same type as depression found at higher levels, or is it distinctive? We addressed these questions by examining the relations among SES, amygdala volume, and symptoms of depression in healthy young adults. Amygdala volume, a risk factor for depression, does not synergize with SES in a diathesis-stress relation, nor does it mediate the relation of SES to depression. Rather, SES and amygdala volume are independent, additive risk factors. They are also associated with different depression symptoms and, whereas perceived stress fully mediates the relation of SES to depression, it has no relation to amygdala volume. These findings suggest heterogeneity of depression across the socioeconomic spectrum, with implications for treatment selection as well as for future genetic and brain studies.
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