Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37036020›Full record

ArticleLupus2023

In-person versus virtual administration of the American College of Rheumatology gold standard cognitive battery in systemic lupus erythematosus: Are they interchangeable?

M L Barraclough, J P Diaz-Martinez, A Knight, K Bingham, J Su, M Kakvan, C Muñoz Grajales, M C Tartaglia, L Ruttan, J Wither and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lupus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Remote Neuropsychological Testing as an Alternative to Traditional Methods-a Convergent Validity Study.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

M L BarracloughSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J P Diaz-MartinezSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
A KnightDivision of Rheumatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
K BinghamCentre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J SuSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
M KakvanSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
C Muñoz GrajalesSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
M C TartagliaKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network Memory Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada.
L RuttanUniversity Health Network-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J WitherSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
M Y ChoiCumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
D BonillaSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
N AndersonSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
S AppenzellerDepartment of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
B ParkerCentre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
P KatzUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8146-2519
D BeatonInstitute for Work and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
R GreenKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network Memory Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada.
I N BruceCentre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3047-500X
Z ToumaSchroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5177-2076

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many research studies were adapted, including our longitudinal study examining cognitive impairment (CI) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cognitive testing was switched from in-person to virtual. This analysis aimed to determine if the administration method (in-person vs. virtual) of the ACR-neuropsychological battery (ACR-NB) affected participant cognitive performance and classification.

methodsData from our multi-visit, SLE CI study included demographic, clinical, and psychiatric characteristics, and the modified ACR-NB. Three analyses were undertaken for cognitive performance: (1) all visits, (2) non-CI group visits only and (3) intra-individual comparisons. A retrospective preferences questionnaire was given to participants who completed the ACR-NB both in-person and virtually.

resultsWe analysed 328 SLE participants who had 801 visits (696 in-person and 105 virtual). Demographic, clinical, and psychiatric characteristics were comparable except for ethnicity, anxiety and disease-related damage. Across all three comparisons, six tests were consistently statistically significantly different. CI classification changed in 11/71 (15%) participants. 45% of participants preferred the virtual administration method and 33% preferred in-person.

conclusionsOf the 19 tests in the ACR-NB, we identified one or more problems with eight (42%) tests when moving from in-person to virtual administration. As the use of virtual cognitive testing will likely increase, these issues need to be addressed - potentially by validating a virtual version of the ACR-NB. Until then, caution must be taken when directly comparing virtual to in-person test results. If future studies use a mixed administration approach, this should be accounted for during analysis.

Indexed as

COVID-19Lupus Erythematosus, SystemicRheumatologyCognitionHumansLongitudinal StudiesPandemicsRetrospective StudiesUnited Statescognitive impairmentneuropsychiatric lupussystemic lupus erythematosus

Identifiers

PMID37036020
PMCPMC10189815

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.