Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37034430›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of clinical pediatrics2023

Higher rates of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in American children: Are food quality issues impacting epigenetic inheritance?

Renee J Dufault, Raquel A Crider, Richard C Deth, Roseanne Schnoll, Steven G Gilbert, Walter J Lukiw, Amanda L Hitt

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of clinical pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Synthetic Colors in Food: A Warning for Children's Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Renee J DufaultDepartment of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States.
Raquel A CriderDepartment of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States.
Richard C DethDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, United States.
Roseanne SchnollDepartment of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States.
Steven G GilbertDepartment of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States.
Walter J LukiwLSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
Amanda L HittFood Integrity Campaign, Government Accountability Project, Columbia, WA 20006, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the United States, schools offer special education services to children who are diagnosed with a learning or neurodevelopmental disorder and have difficulty meeting their learning goals. Pediatricians may play a key role in helping children access special education services. The number of children ages 6-21 in the United States receiving special education services increased 10.4% from 2006 to 2021. Children receiving special education services under the autism category increased 242% during the same period. The demand for special education services for children under the developmental delay and other health impaired categories increased by 184% and 83% respectively. Although student enrollment in American schools has remained stable since 2006, the percentage distribution of children receiving special education services nearly tripled for the autism category and quadrupled for the developmental delay category by 2021. Allowable heavy metal residues remain persistent in the American food supply due to food ingredient manufacturing processes. Numerous clinical trial data indicate heavy metal exposures and poor diet are the primary epigenetic factors responsible for the autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder epidemics. Dietary heavy metal exposures, especially inorganic mercury and lead may impact gene behavior across generations. In 2021, the United States Congress found heavy metal residues problematic in the American food supply but took no legislative action. Mandatory health warning labels on select foods may be the only way to reduce dietary heavy metal exposures and improve child learning across generations.

Indexed as

AutismEpigenetic inheritanceLead exposureMercuryMethylation patternsOxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID37034430
PMCPMC10075020

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.